Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Predicting Reaction Outcomes02:24

Predicting Reaction Outcomes

Kinetics describes the rate and path by which a reaction occurs. In contrast, thermodynamics deals with state functions and describes the properties, behavior, and components of a system. It is not concerned with the path taken by the process and cannot address the rate at which a reaction occurs. Although it does provide information about what can happen during a reaction process, it does not describe the detailed steps of what appears on an atomic or a molecular level. On the other hand,...
Transition State Theory01:25

Transition State Theory

Transition-state theory, also known as activated-complex theory, provides a molecular-level explanation of reaction rates in both gas-phase and solution-phase reactions. It extends earlier kinetic models by considering the formation of a short-lived, high-energy configuration during a reaction.The progress of a chemical reaction can be represented using a reaction profile, which plots potential energy against the reaction coordinate. As two reactant molecules approach one another, their...
Reaction Mechanisms03:06

Reaction Mechanisms

Chemical reactions often occur in a stepwise fashion, involving two or more distinct reactions taking place in a sequence. A balanced equation indicates the reacting species and the product species, but it reveals no details about how the reaction occurs at the molecular level. The reaction mechanism (or reaction path) provides details regarding the precise, step-by-step process by which a reaction occurs.
For instance, the decomposition of ozone appears to follow a mechanism with two steps:
Temperature Dependence on Reaction Rate02:55

Temperature Dependence on Reaction Rate

The Collision Theory
Atoms, molecules, or ions must collide before they can react with each other. Atoms must be close together to form chemical bonds. This premise is the basis for a theory that explains many observations regarding chemical kinetics, including factors affecting reaction rates.
The collision theory is based on the postulates that (i) the reaction rate is proportional to the rate of reactant collisions, (ii) the reacting species collide in an orientation allowing contact between...
Free Energy and Equilibrium02:56

Free Energy and Equilibrium

The free energy change for a process may be viewed as a measure of its driving force. A negative value for ΔG represents a driving force for the process in the forward direction, while a positive value represents a driving force for the process in the reverse direction. When ΔGrxn is zero, the forward and reverse driving forces are equal, and the process occurs in both directions at the same rate (the system is at equilibrium).
Recall that Q is the numerical value of the mass action expression...
Free Energy and Equilibrium00:55

Free Energy and Equilibrium

The free energy change for a process may be viewed as a measure of its driving force. A negative value for ΔG represents a driving force for the process in the forward direction, while a positive value represents a driving force for the process in the reverse direction. When ΔG is zero, the forward and reverse driving forces are equal, and the process occurs in both directions at the same rate (the system is at equilibrium).
The reaction quotient, Q, is a convenient measure of the status of an...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Investigating the Impact of the Spatial Arrangement of the Terminal Methyl Group Relative to the Bridging Ethylene Group on the Properties of PMO Films.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2025
Same author

Comprehensive Review on the Impact of Chemical Composition, Plasma Treatment, and Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV) Irradiation on the Electrical Properties of Organosilicate Films.

Polymers·2024
Same author

Spectra and photorelaxation of tris-biphenyl-triazine-type UV absorbers: from monomers to nanoparticles.

Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology·2023
Same author

UV-Excited Luminescence in Porous Organosilica Films with Various Organic Components.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)·2023
Same author

Characterization of polar surface groups on siliceous materials by inverse gas chromatography and the enthalpy-entropy compensation effect.

Frontiers in chemistry·2023
Same author

<i>In-Situ</i> Imaging of a Light-Induced Modification Process in Organo-Silica Films via Time-Domain Brillouin Scattering.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Spin Saturation Transfer Difference NMR (SSTD NMR): A New Tool to Obtain Kinetic Parameters of Chemical Exchange Processes
11:44

Spin Saturation Transfer Difference NMR (SSTD NMR): A New Tool to Obtain Kinetic Parameters of Chemical Exchange Processes

Published on: November 12, 2016

Free electron transfer--relations between molecule dynamics and reaction kinetics.

Ortwin Brede1, Sergej Naumov

  • 1University of Leipzig, Wilhelm Ostwald Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Linnestr. 2, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. brede@uni-leipzig.de

Chemical Society Reviews
|June 5, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Free electron transfer (FET) in non-polar solvents shows unique behavior. Intramolecular dynamics influence electron transfer, leading to fragmentation observable in real-time spectroscopy.

More Related Videos

Using In Vitro Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer to Study the Dynamics Of Protein Complexes at a Millisecond Time Scale
10:50

Using In Vitro Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer to Study the Dynamics Of Protein Complexes at a Millisecond Time Scale

Published on: March 14, 2019

Dual-Color Fluorescence Cross-Correlation Spectroscopy to Study Protein-Protein Interaction and Protein Dynamics in Live Cells
14:12

Dual-Color Fluorescence Cross-Correlation Spectroscopy to Study Protein-Protein Interaction and Protein Dynamics in Live Cells

Published on: December 11, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Spin Saturation Transfer Difference NMR (SSTD NMR): A New Tool to Obtain Kinetic Parameters of Chemical Exchange Processes
11:44

Spin Saturation Transfer Difference NMR (SSTD NMR): A New Tool to Obtain Kinetic Parameters of Chemical Exchange Processes

Published on: November 12, 2016

Using In Vitro Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer to Study the Dynamics Of Protein Complexes at a Millisecond Time Scale
10:50

Using In Vitro Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer to Study the Dynamics Of Protein Complexes at a Millisecond Time Scale

Published on: March 14, 2019

Dual-Color Fluorescence Cross-Correlation Spectroscopy to Study Protein-Protein Interaction and Protein Dynamics in Live Cells
14:12

Dual-Color Fluorescence Cross-Correlation Spectroscopy to Study Protein-Protein Interaction and Protein Dynamics in Live Cells

Published on: December 11, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Chemical Dynamics
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Electron transfer in non-polar media presents unique challenges and phenomena.
  • Hetero-substituted aromatics react with solvent radical cations, yielding metastable donor radical cations and fragmentation products.
  • Rapid decay of dissociative donor radical cations (femtoseconds) suggests complex dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explain the peculiarities of electron transfer in non-polar media.
  • To elucidate the role of intramolecular dynamics in electron transfer processes.
  • To introduce and define the Free Electron Transfer (FET) mechanism.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical explanation based on intramolecular dynamic motions.
  • Analysis of electron density changes (pi- and n-orbitals) related to substituent deformation angles.
  • Real-time spectroscopy to observe femtosecond dynamics in the nanosecond timescale.

Main Results:

  • Fragmentation products arise from rapidly decaying dissociative donor radical cations.
  • Intramolecular dynamics, dependent on substituent-ring deformation, alter electron density.
  • Femtosecond dynamics are observable in the nanosecond range, indicating a new electron transfer mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • The Free Electron Transfer (FET) mechanism describes an unhindered electron jump upon initial reactant approach.
  • FET is a dynamic-controlled process, contrasting with classical equilibrium kinetics.
  • The FET mechanism offers new perspectives for understanding chemical reaction kinetics.