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Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:31

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx as...
Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
Local Anesthetics: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship01:30

Local Anesthetics: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
19:53

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Published on: March 1, 2015

[Anesthetic maintenance during circular face lifting].

V I Parshin, N K Pastukhova

    Anesteziologiia I Reanimatologiia
    |June 8, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    Anesthetic maintenance for face lifts using intravenous agents like ketamine and diprivan is safe and effective without artificial ventilation. Perfalgan offers optimal anesthesia without side effects, simplifying drug management.

    Area of Science:

    • Anesthesiology
    • Plastic Surgery

    Background:

    • Maintaining anesthesia during cosmetic procedures like face lifts requires careful consideration of patient safety and drug management.
    • Traditional anesthetic techniques may involve complex drug regimens and potential side effects.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of specific intravenous anesthetic agents for maintaining anesthesia during circular face lifting without artificial ventilation.
    • To explore the potential to simplify anesthetic protocols by omitting certain medications.

    Main Methods:

    • Intravenous anesthetic agents including ketamine, diprivan (propofol), dormicum (midazolam), perfalgan (paracetamol), and promedol were used for anesthetic maintenance.
    • Procedures were performed without artificial ventilation, allowing for spontaneous breathing.

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  • Anesthesia duration and patient outcomes were monitored.

    • Main Results:

    • All tested intravenous anesthesia regimens resulted in good outcomes.
    • The use of perfalgan was associated with optimal anesthesia levels and no hallucinogenic reactions.
    • Anesthesia lasting 2.3 +/- 0.6 hours with spontaneous breathing was safely achieved during face lifting.
    • Narcotic analgesics could be excluded from the anesthetic maintenance scheme, simplifying licensing, storage, and recording requirements.

    Conclusions:

    • Intravenous anesthetic maintenance without artificial ventilation is a safe and feasible option for circular face lifting.
    • Perfalgan is a valuable agent for achieving optimal anesthesia without adverse psychological effects.
    • Simplifying anesthetic protocols by omitting narcotic analgesics is possible and beneficial.