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Related Concept Videos

Appendicitis01:19

Appendicitis

Appendicitis is an acute inflammatory condition of the vermiform appendix, most commonly caused by obstruction of its lumen. The appendix is a narrow, blind-ended pouch that extends from the cecum, making it particularly prone to obstruction. Causes include fecaliths, lymphoid hyperplasia (often after viral infections), parasites, tumors, or foreign bodies. This obstruction initiates a cascade of pathological changes.Luminal Obstruction and Early InflammationAfter obstruction, normal mucosal...
Appendicitis-I: Introduction01:22

Appendicitis-I: Introduction

The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
Etiology: Appendicitis can arise from various causes, primarily rooted in the obstruction of the appendix lumen. Factors contributing to this obstruction include fecal accumulation, lymphoid hyperplasia and, in...
Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...
Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:29

Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Diagnosing and managing appendicitis requires a structured and comprehensive approach that spans from initial assessment to postoperative care. Here is an overview of the process:
Diagnosing Appendicitis
It requires a multifaceted approach, starting with a detailed physical examination to pinpoint the location and nature of the pain and identify any associated symptoms. Laboratory tests play a crucial role. A complete Blood Count (CBC) typically reveals leukocytosis (an increased number of...
Cellular Adaptation IV: Dysplasia and Metaplasia01:24

Cellular Adaptation IV: Dysplasia and Metaplasia

DysplasiaDysplasia refers to abnormal changes in the size, shape, and organization of mature cells, characterized by pleomorphism, nuclear abnormalities, and increased mitotic activity. It commonly affects epithelial tissues, including the cervix, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory mucosa, and endometrium. Although it may occur alongside hyperplasia, dysplasia is not a true adaptive response but a preneoplastic change with potential to progress to cancer.When confined above the basement...

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Robotic Duodenum-preserving Total Pancreatic Head Resection for Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms
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Robotic Duodenum-preserving Total Pancreatic Head Resection for Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms

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Appendiceal mucinous neoplasms: controversial issues.

Joseph Misdraji1

  • 1Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA. jmisdraji@partners.org

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine
|June 8, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms can cause pseudomyxoma peritonei. This review examines controversies in appendiceal tumor classification, pseudomyxoma peritonei nature, and optimal treatment strategies for these enigmatic tumors.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Surgical Oncology
  • Pathology and Oncology

Background:

  • Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (LAMNs) can metastasize to the peritoneum as pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP).
  • LAMNs present diagnostic challenges due to their potential for peritoneal spread despite lacking obvious invasiveness in the appendix.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine contentious issues in appendiceal mucinous tumors and their peritoneal spread.
  • To compare classification systems for appendiceal mucinous tumors and PMP.
  • To review controversies regarding ovarian involvement and PMP treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and analysis of existing classification systems.
  • Discussion of debated aspects of appendiceal mucinous neoplasms and PMP.
  • Examination of clinical significance and treatment controversies.

Main Results:

  • Classification systems for appendiceal tumors and PMP remain debated.
  • The nature of PMP, including localized forms, requires further clarification.
  • The relationship between ovarian mucinous tumors and appendiceal PMP is largely resolved, with appendiceal origin being favored.

Conclusions:

  • Significant controversies persist regarding the classification and nomenclature of appendiceal mucinous neoplasms and PMP.
  • Understanding the behavior and origin of PMP is crucial for effective management.
  • Further research is needed to establish standardized classification and optimal treatment protocols for PMP.