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Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.

Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications

Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications

Asthma, a common chronic respiratory condition, is classified considering the frequency and severity of symptoms alongside lung function impairment. Understanding this classification is essential for appropriate treatment and management. Here's a detailed look at the classification of asthma and its clinical features and complications:
Classification of Asthma

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

Asthma presents with a characteristic pattern of episodic respiratory symptoms that reflect underlying airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus hypersecretion. Although severity varies among individuals, certain clinical manifestations are considered hallmarks of the disorder and often guide diagnosis and assessment.Respiratory SymptomsA persistent cough is one of the most common early features of asthma. It is frequently dry and tends to worsen at night or in the early morning,...

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:

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Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma

Published on: November 4, 2010

Aspirin-exacerbated asthma.

Mathew Varghese¹, Richard F Lockey

¹University of South Florida Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL. mvarghes@hsc.usf.edu.

Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology : Official Journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

|June 8, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Aspirin-exacerbated asthma (AEA) involves complex pathways, leading to characteristic symptoms. Understanding its pathogenesis and clinical features is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment.

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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma

Published on: November 4, 2010

Area of Science:

Immunology
Pharmacology
Genetics

Background:

Aspirin-exacerbated asthma (AEA) is a distinct asthma phenotype.
It is characterized by respiratory and nasal symptoms following aspirin ingestion.
AEA pathogenesis involves dysregulation of arachidonic acid metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive review of aspirin-exacerbated asthma.
To elucidate the historical perspective, prevalence, pathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment of AEA.
To highlight AEA as a well-defined asthma phenotype.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on aspirin-exacerbated asthma.
Analysis of the biochemical pathways involved in AEA pathogenesis, including cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and 5-lipooxygenase (5-LO) pathways.
Examination of genetic factors, such as the LTC4 synthase gene allele C, associated with AEA.

Main Results:

Aspirin inhibition of COX-1 decreases prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), shunting metabolism towards increased cysteinyl leukotrienes via the 5-LO pathway.
Leukotriene C4 (LTC4) synthase activity is central to AEA, with allele C of the LTC4 synthase gene being more frequent in affected individuals.
Clinical manifestations include asthma, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, and nasal polyposis, often triggered by aspirin.

Conclusions:

AEA represents a critical, well-defined asthma phenotype with specific pathophysiological mechanisms.
Effective management strategies include leukotriene pathway inhibitors, aspirin desensitization, and surgical options.
Increased awareness is needed for earlier diagnosis, as AEA can be underdiagnosed, even in patients without a prior asthma history.