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Related Concept Videos

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:17

Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...
Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are anti-inflammatory drugs used primarily in treating persistent asthma and providing long-term maintenance. They target the bronchial mucosa, the lining of the airways, to control inflammation, a critical factor in asthma progression and exacerbation.
ICS work through a multifaceted mechanism of action. They suppress the inflammatory response caused by the proliferation of TH cells. They also reduce the transcription of the IL-2 gene, which is involved in the...
Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
Upper Respiratory Drugs: Decongestants01:27

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Decongestants

Decongestants are a class of medications used primarily to alleviate nasal congestion, a common symptom resulting from allergies, colds, sinusitis, and other upper respiratory tract infections. These drugs work by activating α-adrenergic receptors, constricting small blood vessels in the nasal membranes. This action results in the opening of clogged nasal passages, thereby facilitating sinus drainage and relieving congestion.
Most decongestants are readily available over-the-counter in various...

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Differences in Biologic Clinical Trials for Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps-Are We Comparing Apples With Oranges?

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Indirect Treatment Comparison of Tezepelumab Versus Other Biologics in Severe Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: A Systematic Literature Review and Network Meta-analysis.

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Depemokimab: A twice yearly anti-IL 5 biologic for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) - A narrative review.

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Reply to: S. N. Katkuri et al. and H. Liu et al. on Early and Sustained Improvements in Sense of Smell With Tezepelumab Treatment in Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps (WAYPOINT).

International forum of allergy & rhinology·2026
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Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology·2026
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Early and Sustained Improvements in Sense of Smell With Tezepelumab Treatment in Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps (WAYPOINT).

International forum of allergy & rhinology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Acupoint Catgut Embedding Therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Managing Allergic Rhinitis
03:40

Acupoint Catgut Embedding Therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Managing Allergic Rhinitis

Published on: December 20, 2024

Systemic therapies in managing sinonasal inflammation.

Michael A DeMarcantonio1, Joseph K Han

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 600 Gresham Drive, Suite 1100, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA.

Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America
|June 8, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) management focuses on targeted anti-inflammatory therapies to address mucosal hypersensitivity or infection. Effective medical treatment, including medications and desensitization, can prevent surgery and minimize inflammation postoperatively.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Acupoint Catgut Embedding Therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Managing Allergic Rhinitis
03:40

Acupoint Catgut Embedding Therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Managing Allergic Rhinitis

Published on: December 20, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) involves persistent sinus inflammation.
  • Causes include mucosal hypersensitivity and chronic infection.
  • Inflammation can necessitate surgical intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of targeted medical therapy in CRS management.
  • To differentiate between medical and surgical treatment indications.
  • To emphasize the role of medical treatment in preventing surgical revision.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current medical treatment options for CRS.
  • Analysis of inflammatory pathways in sinus mucosa dysfunction.
  • Evaluation of the efficacy of medical interventions.

Main Results:

  • Medical treatments such as antibiotics, leukotriene modifiers, corticosteroids, and aspirin desensitization can manage CRS.
  • Identifying the specific cause and inflammatory pathway is crucial for effective treatment.
  • Postoperative medical management is vital for preventing recurrent inflammation and revision surgery.

Conclusions:

  • Targeted anti-inflammatory medical therapy improves CRS management efficacy.
  • Medical treatment can often prevent the need for surgery.
  • Comprehensive medical management, both pre- and post-operatively, is essential for optimal CRS outcomes.