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Related Concept Videos

Masonry Curtain Walls01:20

Masonry Curtain Walls

Masonry curtain walls employ brick or stone veneers supported by the building's structure to form an external cladding system that is both aesthetically appealing and functional. These walls are erected through two principal techniques, first by traditional layering of masonry units and second by using prefabricated panels. Traditional construction relies on steel shelf angles attached to the spandrel beam for support, with high-bond mortars ensuring secure attachment of masonry veneer units.
Masonry Loadbearing Walls01:16

Masonry Loadbearing Walls

Masonry load-bearing walls, constructed from materials like brick, stone, or concrete masonry units, serve as a crucial component in building structures by supporting the loads from floors and roofs and transferring them to the foundation. These walls, known for their compressive strength, can be reinforced or unreinforced to suit different building needs, accommodating both the dead and live loads while maintaining safety through lower working stresses compared to the materials' ultimate...
Spanning Openings in Brick Walls01:20

Spanning Openings in Brick Walls

In brick wall construction, supporting structures are crucial for openings like windows and doors to maintain the integrity and support the weight of the wall above. These supports include lintels, corbels, and arches, each serving specific structural purposes.
Lintels are primary supports used to span openings and can be crafted from materials such as reinforced concrete, steel-reinforced brick masonry, or simple steel angles. These are straightforward to install and are typically concealed...
Masonry Cavity Walls01:26

Masonry Cavity Walls

Cavity walls feature a hollow space between the outer and inner wythes, connected only by corrosion-resistant metal ties. When water seeps through the outer wythe, it descends within this cavity, intercepted by flashing and eventually exiting through weep holes. To enhance moisture resistance, the inner wythe's cavity side often receives damp-proofing, doubling as an air barrier. The cavity can also house insulation to mitigate heat transfer.
Maintaining a clean cavity during construction is...
Posttensioned Masonry Walls01:15

Posttensioned Masonry Walls


Post-tensioned masonry walls use high-strength steel rods or flexible tendons to enhance the strength and efficiency of masonry structures. These elements are securely anchored to the foundation and extend vertically either within the cores of the masonry units or between the masonry wythes. The construction process involves building the wall with these tensioning elements in place and allowing the mortar to fully cure.
Following the curing process, the tensioning begins. Steel rods are...
Composite Masonry Walls01:18

Composite Masonry Walls

Composite masonry walls combine multiple wythes of the same or different masonry materials to create a unified structure. These walls feature wythes that are bonded together either through mortar-filled collar joints, grouted spaces, or more commonly, with rigid metal ties and reinforcements, with the use of masonry header units being rare. Metal ties are preferred because they effectively minimize water penetration, as these walls primarily absorb moisture and then release it into the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Measuring Plant Cell Wall Extension (Creep) Induced by Acidic pH and by Alpha-Expansin
09:51

Measuring Plant Cell Wall Extension (Creep) Induced by Acidic pH and by Alpha-Expansin

Published on: March 11, 2009

Up against the wall.

Christian Torres

    Nature Medicine
    |June 8, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    Gram-negative bacteria pose a growing threat due to their drug resistance. A critical need exists to revitalize the development pipeline for new antibacterial drugs targeting these challenging microbes.

    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Drug Development

    Background:

    • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a well-known drug-resistant bacterium.
    • Gram-negative bacteria represent an emerging and significant public health threat.
    • There is a notable lack of late-stage antibacterial drugs in development specifically targeting Gram-negative pathogens.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the increasing threat posed by drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria.
    • To underscore the urgent need for new antibacterial therapies.
    • To explore efforts aimed at revitalizing the antibacterial drug development pipeline.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of current literature on antibiotic resistance and Gram-negative infections.
    • Analysis of the pharmaceutical industry's drug development pipeline.

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    Rodent-Proof Wall: An Efficient Physical Method for Controlling Rodents and its Efficiency Statistics

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    Measuring Plant Cell Wall Extension (Creep) Induced by Acidic pH and by Alpha-Expansin
    09:51

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    Published on: March 11, 2009

    Testing Animal Anxiety in Rats: Effects of Open Arm Ledges and Closed Arm Wall Transparency in Elevated Plus Maze Test
    07:54

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    Published on: June 29, 2018

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    Rodent-Proof Wall: An Efficient Physical Method for Controlling Rodents and its Efficiency Statistics

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  • Case study of initiatives to encourage new antibacterial drug discovery.

    • Main Results:

    • Gram-negative bacteria are becoming increasingly difficult to treat with existing antibiotics.
    • The pipeline for new drugs targeting Gram-negative bacteria is critically under-resourced.
    • Obstacles in drug development and regulatory pathways hinder progress.

    Conclusions:

    • Urgent action is required to address the threat of Gram-negative bacterial infections.
    • Incentives and innovative approaches are needed to stimulate the development of new antibacterial drugs.
    • Continued research and investment are crucial to combatting antimicrobial resistance.