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Related Concept Videos

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants01:23

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants


Ganglionic stimulants activate NM nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia, falling into two categories: nicotine mimetics [e.g., lobeline, dimethylpiperazine, tetramethylammonium] and muscarinic receptor agonists [e.g., muscarine, methacholine]. The first category's action is rapid and blocked by nicotinic receptor antagonists, while the second category's action is delayed and blocked by atropine-like agents. Nicotine, an alkaloid, affects the heart rate by stimulating sympathetic or...
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Prostacyclin receptor agonists are a class of therapeutic agents integral to managing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). These drugs operate by mimicking the action of prostaglandin I2, or PGI2, a naturally occurring compound in the body.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Creating Dynamic Images of Short-lived Dopamine Fluctuations with lp-ntPET: Dopamine Movies of Cigarette Smoking
14:21

Creating Dynamic Images of Short-lived Dopamine Fluctuations with lp-ntPET: Dopamine Movies of Cigarette Smoking

Published on: August 6, 2013

Pre-cessation nicotine replacement therapy: pragmatic randomized trial.

Chris Bullen1, Colin Howe, Ruey-Bin Lin

  • 1Clinical Trials Research Unit, School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. c.bullen@ctru.auckland.ac.nz

Addiction (Abingdon, England)
|June 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Pre-cessation nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) using patches and/or gum for two weeks before quitting smoking showed no significant benefit in abstinence rates at six months. However, pooled analysis with other trials suggests a moderate increase in cessation rates.

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Published on: January 10, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Addiction Medicine
  • Public Health
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Smoking cessation interventions aim to improve long-term abstinence rates.
  • Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is a common tool to aid smoking cessation.
  • Pre-cessation NRT involves starting treatment before a quit date to prepare smokers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of two weeks of pre-cessation nicotine patches and/or gum on smoking abstinence.
  • To assess the impact of pre-cessation NRT on secondary outcomes like continuous abstinence and withdrawal symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • A pragmatic randomized controlled trial involving 1100 adult smokers in New Zealand.
  • Participants received either two weeks of pre-cessation NRT followed by usual care or usual care alone.
  • The primary outcome was self-reported 7-day point prevalence smoking abstinence at six months post-quit day.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference in 7-day point prevalence abstinence at six months between the pre-cessation NRT group (22.7%) and the control group (21.0%).
  • Pooled meta-analysis with other trials indicated a moderate benefit, increasing cessation rates by approximately one-quarter.
  • No significant differences in adverse events were observed between the groups.

Conclusions:

  • Two weeks of pre-cessation NRT is safe and well-tolerated but did not demonstrate a benefit over usual care in this large trial.
  • While this specific trial showed no added benefit, a moderate increase in cessation rates may be observed when combining results with previous pre-cessation NRT studies.
  • Further research may clarify the optimal use and impact of pre-cessation NRT strategies.