Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
What is Population Genetics?01:25

What is Population Genetics?

A population is composed of members of the same species that simultaneously live and interact in the same area. When individuals in a population breed, they pass down their genes to their offspring. Many of these genes are polymorphic, meaning that they occur in multiple variants. Such variations of a gene are referred to as alleles. The collective set of all the alleles within a population is known as the gene pool.While some alleles of a given gene might be observed commonly, other variants...
Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test for Median of Single Population01:14

Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test for Median of Single Population

The Wilcoxon signed-rank test for the median of a single population is a nonparametric test used to evaluate whether the median of a population differs from a specified value. Unlike parametric tests, it does not require data to follow a normal distribution, making it suitable for non-normal or small samples. The test begins by calculating the difference (d) between each observation and the hypothesized median. The absolute values of these differences are ranked in ascending order, with ties...
Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetic Data01:12

Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetic Data

Analysis of population pharmacokinetic data involves studying the behavior of drugs within diverse populations to understand their pharmacokinetic parameters. Traditional pharmacokinetic methods typically involve collecting samples from a few individuals and estimating these parameters. While these methods are commonly used, they have limitations in capturing the variability in drug response among individuals or heterogeneous populations. Population pharmacokinetics is employed to address these...
Hardy-Weinberg Principle01:49

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.In the early 20th century,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A meta-analysis identifies driver genes and characterizes the molecular epidemiology of colorectal cancer.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Development and validation of a neural network survival prediction model for ischemic heart disease.

Cardiovascular diabetology·2026
Same author

CNValidatron: accurate and efficient validation of PennCNV calls using computer vision.

BMC bioinformatics·2026
Same author

Sequence Diversity Lost in Early Pregnancy.

Obstetrical & gynecological survey·2026
Same author

Variant in a Taste Receptor Locus Tied to Changes in the Use of Insomnia Medication.

Biological psychiatry global open science·2026
Same author

Genomic and transcriptomic analyses of aortic stenosis enhance therapeutic target discovery and disease prediction.

Nature genetics·2025
Same journal

FIGLA Novel Variant c.385-9G>A Affects RNA Splicing in a Minigene Assay.

Annals of human genetics·2026
Same journal

Epigenetic Shifts in MTNR1A, MTNR1B and Fn14 and Their Links to Preeclampsia Risk.

Annals of human genetics·2026
Same journal

Hip Bone Marrow Adiposity as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer's Disease: Insights From Mendelian Randomization Analysis.

Annals of human genetics·2026
Same journal

A Novel Biallelic REL Frameshift Variant p.(Tyr9Ilefs*2) Causing Immunodeficiency-92 With Profound c-Rel Deficiency.

Annals of human genetics·2026
Same journal

Identification of PSMA4 as a Therapeutic Target for Atherosclerosis: A Comprehensive Multiomics Mendelian Randomization Analysis.

Annals of human genetics·2026
Same journal

Genetic Insights Into Hypertension and Breast Cancer Risk in African Women: A Mendelian Randomization and Colocalization Analyses.

Annals of human genetics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization
13:55

Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization

Published on: February 3, 2013

Evaluating differences in linkage disequilibrium between populations.

Birgir Hrafnkelsson1, Agnar Helgason, Gudbjorn F Jonsson

  • 1deCODE genetics, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland. birgirhr@hi.is

Annals of Human Genetics
|June 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed two statistical methods to assess differences in linkage disequilibrium (LD) between populations. These methods, using bootstrapping and Bayesian probabilities, can identify significant LD variations across genetic loci.

More Related Videos

Genetic Mapping of Thermotolerance Differences Between Species of Saccharomyces Yeast via Genome-Wide Reciprocal Hemizygosity Analysis
10:08

Genetic Mapping of Thermotolerance Differences Between Species of Saccharomyces Yeast via Genome-Wide Reciprocal Hemizygosity Analysis

Published on: August 12, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization
13:55

Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization

Published on: February 3, 2013

Genetic Mapping of Thermotolerance Differences Between Species of Saccharomyces Yeast via Genome-Wide Reciprocal Hemizygosity Analysis
10:08

Genetic Mapping of Thermotolerance Differences Between Species of Saccharomyces Yeast via Genome-Wide Reciprocal Hemizygosity Analysis

Published on: August 12, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Population Genetics
  • Statistical Genetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Linkage disequilibrium (LD) is crucial for understanding genetic variation and population structure.
  • Evaluating statistically significant differences in LD between populations is essential for genetic association studies.
  • Existing methods may have limitations in handling complex population structures or multiple comparisons.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and validate novel statistical methods for evaluating differences in linkage disequilibrium (LD) between populations.
  • To provide tools for testing LD variations at single locus pairs and across multiple pairs simultaneously.
  • To apply these methods to human genetic data, including reproductively isolated populations and disease association studies.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a bootstrapping-based method to test LD differences for individual locus pairs and a global test for multiple pairs.
  • Implementation of a Bayesian approach to calculate the posterior probability of greater LD in one population versus another for each locus pair.
  • Application of both methods to human genotype data, accommodating genotypes with unknown phase.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of the methods' utility on two distinct human datasets: microsatellites in European populations and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene in an Icelandic cohort.
  • Successful identification of LD differences between reproductively isolated populations.
  • Application to Alzheimer's disease cases and controls to explore LD variations in relation to disease status.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed methods offer robust statistical frameworks for quantifying and testing LD differences between populations.
  • These tools are applicable to various genetic markers and population types, including those with unknown phase information.
  • The findings highlight the potential for LD differences to reflect population history and genetic associations with diseases.