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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...

Olfaction

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...

Nose and Nasal Cavity

Nose and Nasal Cavity

The nose is composed of an observable exterior segment (external nose) and an internal segment within the skull known as the nasal cavity (internal nose). The external nose, visible on the face, consists of a framework of bone and hyaline cartilage enveloped in skin and muscle and lined with a mucous membrane. This structure is supported by the frontal bone, nasal bones, and maxillary bone and is supplemented by a cartilaginous framework comprising the septal nasal cartilage, lateral nasal...

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...

Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan

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Description
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Ventilation Perfusion Scans are two radiological investigations that offer detailed diagnostic images of the body, particularly lung structures.
MRI
MRI uses magnetic fields and radiofrequency signals to distinguish between normal and abnormal tissues. This technology provides a more detailed diagnostic image than CT scans, enabling it to characterize pulmonary nodules, stage bronchogenic carcinoma, and evaluate inflammatory activity in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Imaging Odor-Evoked Activities in the Mouse Olfactory Bulb using Optical Reflectance and Autofluorescence Signals

Imaging Odor-Evoked Activities in the Mouse Olfactory Bulb using Optical Reflectance and Autofluorescence Signals

Published on: October 31, 2011

Radiological observations on the olfactory fossa and ethmoid roof.

S Elwany¹, A Medanni, M Eid

¹Department of Otolaryngology, Alexandria Medical School, Alexandria, Egypt. samyelwany@msn.com

The Journal of Laryngology and Otology

|June 10, 2010

Summary

Computed tomography (CT) scans reveal significant sex-based differences in olfactory fossa depth and cribriform plate dimensions. These anatomical variations necessitate careful pre-operative evaluation for surgical safety.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Imaging Odor-Evoked Activities in the Mouse Olfactory Bulb using Optical Reflectance and Autofluorescence Signals

Imaging Odor-Evoked Activities in the Mouse Olfactory Bulb using Optical Reflectance and Autofluorescence Signals

Published on: October 31, 2011

A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function

A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function

Published on: July 30, 2017

Role of Diffusion MRI Tractography in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery

Role of Diffusion MRI Tractography in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery

Published on: July 5, 2021

Area of Science:

Anatomy
Radiology
Otolaryngology

Background:

The olfactory fossa and cribriform plate are critical anatomical structures in skull base surgery.
Understanding normative dimensions is essential for surgical planning and avoiding complications.

Purpose of the Study:

To define normative dimensions of the olfactory fossa, lateral lamella of the cribriform plate, and ethmoid roof.
To identify sex-based and side-to-side variations in these structures.

Main Methods:

Analysis of 300 high-resolution, multislice computed tomography (CT) scans of the paranasal sinuses.
Evaluation of olfactory fossa depth, lateral lamella length and angulation, and ethmoid roof height.

Main Results:

Type II olfactory fossa was more common in men (66.7%), while Type I was more common in women (53%).
Significant sex differences observed in lateral lamella length and obliquity, and ethmoid roof height.
Asymmetrical olfactory fossa depths occurred in 11% of men and 2% of women.

Conclusions:

Sex and side-to-side differences in these anatomical parameters are clinically significant.
Pre-operative CT evaluation is crucial for surgeons to anticipate and mitigate risks.