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Related Concept Videos

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Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab (Humira),...
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Treatment Resistent Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
10:46

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data

Published on: December 9, 2015

Rituximab add-on therapy for breakthrough relapsing multiple sclerosis: a 52-week phase II trial.

R T Naismith1, L Piccio, J A Lyons

  • 1Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA. naismithr@neuro.wustl.edu

Neurology
|June 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rituximab add-on therapy significantly reduced MRI lesions in relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. This B-cell therapy was safe and effective for those with breakthrough disease on standard treatments.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
10:46

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data

Published on: December 9, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Clinical Neurology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • B cells and the humoral immune system are implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis.
  • Existing injectable disease-modifying agents may not adequately control disease activity in some relapsing MS patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of rituximab as an add-on therapy for relapsing MS.
  • To assess rituximab's impact on clinical and MRI activity in patients with breakthrough disease.

Main Methods:

  • A Phase II study involving 30 subjects with relapsing MS and breakthrough disease.
  • Rituximab (375 mg/m(2) weekly x 4 doses) administered as add-on therapy.
  • Assessment of gadolinium-enhancing (GdE) lesions via MRI, Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC), and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS).

Main Results:

  • Significant reduction in GdE lesions: 74% of posttreatment scans were lesion-free vs. 26% at baseline (p < 0.0001).
  • Median GdE lesions reduced from 1.0 to 0; mean number decreased by 88% (2.81 to 0.33 per month).
  • Improvement in MSFC (p = 0.02); EDSS remained stable.

Conclusions:

  • Rituximab add-on therapy demonstrated efficacy based on radiologic endpoints in relapsing MS.
  • The therapy was well-tolerated with no serious adverse events when combined with standard injectable treatments.
  • B-cell-modulating therapy with rituximab is a potential option for inadequately treated relapsing MS patients.