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Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Noninvasive Determination of Vortex Formation Time Using Transesophageal Echocardiography During Cardiac Surgery
Published on: November 28, 2018
Recommendations for reporting perioperative transoesophageal echo studies
Robert Feneck1, J Kneeshaw, K Fox
1Department of Anaesthesia, Guys and St Thomas Hospitals, London SE1 7EH, UK. rob_feneck@msn.com
Abstract:
Every perioperative transoesophageal echo (TEE) study should generate a written report. A verbal report may be given at the time of the study. Important findings must be included in the written report. Where the perioperative TEE findings are new, or have led to a change in operative surgery, postoperative care or in prognosis, it is essential that this information should be reported in writing and available as soon as possible after surgery. The ultrasound technology and methodology used to assess valve pathology, ventricular performance and any other derived information should be included to support any conclusions. This is particularly important in the case of new or unexpected findings. Particular attention should be attached to the echo findings following the completion of surgery. Every written report should include a written conclusion, which should be comprehensible to physicians who are not experts in echocardiography.
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