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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Metabolism01:19

Regulation of Metabolism

Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
Protein Modifications in the RER01:26

Protein Modifications in the RER

Modification of secretory and transmembrane proteins entering the rough ER begins in the ER lumen. These modifications aid in protein folding and stabilize the acquired tertiary structure. Protein modifications in the rough ER co-occur at different stages of protein folding.
Broadly, these modifications can be categorized into four main categories — glycosylation, formation of disulfide bonds, assembly of protein subunits, and specific proteolytic cleavages like removal of signal sequences.
Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...
Allosteric Regulation01:08

Allosteric Regulation

Allosteric regulation of enzymes occurs when the binding of an effector molecule to a site that is different from the active site causes a change in the enzymatic activity. This alternate site is called an allosteric site, and an enzyme can contain more than one of these sites. Allosteric regulation can either be positive or negative, resulting in an increase or decrease in enzyme activity. Most enzymes that display allosteric regulation are metabolic enzymes involved in the degradation or...
Allosteric Regulation01:08

Allosteric Regulation

Allosteric regulation of enzymes occurs when the binding of an effector molecule to a site that is different from the active site causes a change in the enzymatic activity. This alternate site is called an allosteric site, and an enzyme can contain more than one of these sites. Allosteric regulation can either be positive or negative, resulting in an increase or decrease in enzyme activity. Most enzymes that display allosteric regulation are metabolic enzymes involved in the degradation or...

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Functional Characterization of Endogenously Expressed Human RYR1 Variants
07:59

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Published on: June 9, 2021

The metabolic coregulator RIP140: an update.

Asmaà Fritah1, Mark Christian, Malcolm G Parker

  • 1Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, UK.

American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism
|June 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140) is vital for regulating lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. Research highlights its dual role as a coactivator and corepressor, impacting fertility and glucose transport.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Metabolic Regulation
  • Gene Expression Control

Background:

  • Receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140) is a transcriptional coregulator highly expressed in metabolic tissues.
  • It plays critical roles in lipid metabolism within adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and the liver.
  • RIP140 is essential for female fertility and influences metabolic nuclear receptors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances on the role of RIP140 in energy homeostasis.
  • To highlight the complex functions of RIP140 as a transcriptional regulator.
  • To emphasize the importance of RIP140 in metabolic control.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of RIP140-null and RIP140-overexpressing mouse models.
  • Investigation of RIP140's interaction with nuclear receptors (e.g., estrogen-related receptors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors).
  • Examination of RIP140's subcellular localization and posttranslational modifications.

Main Results:

  • RIP140-null mice exhibit impaired lipid metabolism and reduced fertility.
  • RIP140 functions as both a ligand-dependent transcriptional corepressor and, in some contexts, a coactivator.
  • Nuclear and cytoplasmic RIP140 have distinct roles in gene transcription and glucose transport.

Conclusions:

  • RIP140 is a key regulator of energy homeostasis with diverse functions in metabolism.
  • Its activity is modulated by subcellular localization and posttranslational modifications.
  • Further research into RIP140's mechanisms can offer insights into metabolic diseases.