Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Trigonometric Identities II01:28

Trigonometric Identities II

318
Double-angle and half-angle trigonometric identities are derived from the fundamental sum and difference formulas and serve as essential tools for simplifying expressions, solving equations, and evaluating integrals. These identities reduce the complexity of trigonometric functions by relating functions of a multiple or fractional angle to functions of a single angle. Their applications extend across mathematics, physics, and engineering, particularly in Fourier analysis, wave mechanics, and...
318
Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling01:26

Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling

848
During leveling, the Earth's curvature and atmospheric refraction introduce deviations in the line of sight from a true horizontal reference. When the line of sight is leveled, it remains perpendicular to the plumb line only at a single point. Beyond this, it deviates due to the Earth’s curvature, represented by the correction C. For a sight distance D, the deviation can be derived using the relationship:This relationship shows that the deviation increases quadratically with distance. Over a...
848
RLC Circuit as a Damped Oscillator01:30

RLC Circuit as a Damped Oscillator

2.1K
An RLC circuit combines a resistor, inductor, and capacitor, connected in a series or parallel combination.
Consider a series RLC circuit. Here, the presence of resistance in the circuit leads to energy loss due to joule heating in the resistance. Therefore, the total electromagnetic energy in the circuit is no longer constant and decreases with time. Since the magnitude of charge, current, and potential difference continuously decreases, their oscillations are said to be damped. This is...
2.1K
Laminar Flow: Problem Solving01:24

Laminar Flow: Problem Solving

489
Laminar flow occurs when a fluid moves smoothly in parallel layers with minimal mixing and turbulence. In fluid mechanics, ensuring laminar flow within a pipe is essential for precise control of flow characteristics, especially in engineering applications. The key factor in determining whether flow remains laminar is the Reynolds number, a dimensionless quantity that depends on the fluid's velocity, density, viscosity, and the pipe's diameter. A Reynolds number of 2100 or lower...
489
Transfer Function to State Space01:23

Transfer Function to State Space

735
State-space representation is a powerful tool for simulating physical systems on digital computers, necessitating the conversion of the transfer function into state-space form. Consider an nth-order linear differential equation with constant coefficients, like those encountered in an RLC circuit. The state variables are selected as the output and its n−1 derivatives. Differentiating these variables and substituting them back into the original equation produces the state equations.
In an RLC...
735
Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain01:26

Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain

332
Linear systems are characterized by two main properties: superposition and homogeneity. Superposition allows the response to multiple inputs to be the sum of the responses to each individual input. Homogeneity ensures that scaling an input by a scalar results in the response being scaled by the same scalar.
In contrast, nonlinear systems do not inherently possess these properties. However, for small deviations around an operating point, a nonlinear system can often be approximated as linear....
332

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Herpetic encephalitis: diagnostic value of the polymerase chain reaction in cerebrospinal fluid].

Medicina clinica·1995
Same author

Long-term results of the artificial urinary sphincter in male patients with neurogenic bladder.

The Journal of urology·1995
Same author

Functional evaluation of the results of hypospadias surgery with uroflowmetry.

The Journal of urology·1995
Same author

Effect of seromuscular colocystoplasty lined with urothelium and partial detrusorectomy on a new canine model of reduced bladder capacity.

The Journal of urology·1995
Same author

Soybean hydrophobic protein and soybean hull allergy.

Lancet (London, England)·1995
Same author

Pyeloplasty improves renal function and somatic growth in children with ureteropelvic junction obstruction.

The Journal of urology·1995
Same journal

Multifunctional reconfigurable terahertz metasurface based on vanadium dioxide phase transition: achieving broadband absorption and efficient polarization conversion.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

High-Q-factor electromagnetically induced transparency utilizing quasi-bound states in the continuum in an all-dielectric terahertz metasurface.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Automated stitching interferometry for high-precision metrology of X-ray mirrors.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Experimental demonstration of an approach to designing a metal-dielectric DBR resonant cavity structure.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

High-precision wavefront reconstruction from a single-shot interferogram using a physics-driven hybrid feature calibration network.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Ultra-high-Q Fano resonance based on coupled topological corner states in Kagome photonic crystals.

Applied optics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation
10:52

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

Published on: February 4, 2017

10.1K

Recursive technique for inverting the lidar equation.

R Gonzalez

    Applied Optics
    |June 10, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a novel method to calculate the extinction coefficient from lidar signals. The technique uses a power law relationship and recursion formulas for accurate range-dependent analysis.

    More Related Videos

    Methods for Measuring the Orientation and Rotation Rate of 3D-printed Particles in Turbulence
    12:34

    Methods for Measuring the Orientation and Rotation Rate of 3D-printed Particles in Turbulence

    Published on: June 24, 2016

    10.5K
    Time Multiplexing Super Resolving Technique for Imaging from a Moving Platform
    06:25

    Time Multiplexing Super Resolving Technique for Imaging from a Moving Platform

    Published on: February 12, 2014

    8.8K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jan 11, 2026

    Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation
    10:52

    Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

    Published on: February 4, 2017

    10.1K
    Methods for Measuring the Orientation and Rotation Rate of 3D-printed Particles in Turbulence
    12:34

    Methods for Measuring the Orientation and Rotation Rate of 3D-printed Particles in Turbulence

    Published on: June 24, 2016

    10.5K
    Time Multiplexing Super Resolving Technique for Imaging from a Moving Platform
    06:25

    Time Multiplexing Super Resolving Technique for Imaging from a Moving Platform

    Published on: February 12, 2014

    8.8K

    Area of Science:

    • Atmospheric Science
    • Optical Remote Sensing

    Background:

    • Lidar (Light Detection and Ranging) is crucial for atmospheric profiling.
    • Accurate retrieval of atmospheric properties like extinction coefficient is essential for climate and air quality studies.
    • Existing methods for extinction coefficient retrieval from lidar data often face challenges with signal noise and boundary conditions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a new, robust method for extracting the extinction coefficient from lidar signals.
    • To provide a computationally efficient approach for range-dependent extinction coefficient calculation.
    • To address limitations in current lidar data processing techniques.

    Main Methods:

    • The proposed method assumes a power law relationship between the backscatter and extinction coefficients.
    • It approximates the integral in the lidar equation using a Riemann sum of extinction coefficients.
    • Two recursion formulas (forward and backward) are derived for calculating the extinction coefficient as a function of range.

    Main Results:

    • The developed method successfully extracts the extinction coefficient from lidar signals.
    • The recursion formulas provide solutions for both near-end (r >= r(0)) and far-end (r <= r(m)) ranges.
    • The power law assumption simplifies the retrieval process and enhances computational efficiency.

    Conclusions:

    • The novel recursion-based method offers an effective way to determine the range-dependent extinction coefficient from lidar data.
    • This approach enhances the accuracy and applicability of lidar measurements for atmospheric research.
    • The method provides a valuable tool for atmospheric remote sensing and analysis.