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Related Concept Videos

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques01:30

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques

Airway management is essential in emergency and surgical medicine, ensuring ventilation and oxygenation in patients who cannot maintain their own airway. Clinicians use a range of techniques and devices to secure the airway, depending on the patient’s condition and the clinical context. Key methods include endotracheal intubation, rapid sequence intubation (RSI), supraglottic airway devices, and advanced visualization aids. In cases where these approaches fail, surgical airway interventions are...
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:31

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx as...
Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

Stages of General Anesthesia

Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...

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Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation
11:19

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation

Published on: January 17, 2011

Anesthesia for subglottic stenosis in pediatrics.

Essam A Eid1

  • 1Department of Anesthesia Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt, Assoc Professor, Department of Anesthesia, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia
|June 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Upper airway obstruction causes noisy breathing and dyspnea. Subglottic stenosis, a common cause in neonates, requires careful evaluation and surgical planning for optimal airway management.

Keywords:
Anesthesiapediatricssubglottic stenosis

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Anesthesiology

Background:

  • Upper airway obstruction can arise from various sites, including nasal, pharyngeal, laryngeal, and tracheobronchial causes.
  • Lesions in the oropharynx cause stertor, while laryngotracheal lesions cause stridor.
  • Subglottic stenosis is a significant cause of congenital stridor in neonates, posing challenges for anesthesiologists.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the importance of detailed patient evaluation for subglottic stenosis.
  • To highlight the role of rigid endoscopy in preoperative planning for airway surgery.
  • To discuss surgical options and anesthetic considerations for managing subglottic stenosis.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive history and physical examination.
  • Characterization of stenosis extent and severity.
  • Rigid endoscopy for precise anatomical assessment.

Main Results:

  • Subglottic stenosis is the third leading cause of congenital stridor in neonates.
  • Surgical correction aims to establish an adequate airway without tracheostomy.
  • Anesthesia can be safely administered using sevoflurane or propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis and detailed preoperative assessment are crucial for managing subglottic stenosis.
  • Surgical intervention, guided by endoscopy, is tailored to the severity of the stenosis.
  • Effective anesthetic strategies ensure patient safety during airway reconstructive surgery.