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Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

[Ocular risks in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome].

A Steindel1, C Lautenschläger, H G Struck

  • 1Augenarztpraxis Aschersleben, Dres. Steindel & Steindel Partnerschaft, Taubenstrasse 14, Aschersleben, Deutschland. praxis@steindel.de

Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift Der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft
|June 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) significantly reduces visual field sensitivity, particularly in the peripheral areas. This suggests a potential link between OSAS and optic nerve damage, possibly leading to glaucoma.

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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Acupoint Application Combined with Ear Plaster Therapy for Treating Sleep Disorders with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology
  • Sleep Medicine

Context:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a prevalent condition with potential systemic effects.
  • The impact of OSAS on visual function remains an area of active investigation.
  • Understanding these effects is crucial for comprehensive patient management.

Purpose:

  • To investigate the effects of moderate to severe OSAS on visual field sensitivity and optic nerve morphology.
  • To compare visual field indices and optic disc characteristics between OSAS patients and healthy controls.
  • To explore correlations between OSAS severity and visual field parameters.

Summary:

  • A cohort study compared 32 OSAS patients (apnea-hypopnea index >20) with 32 controls.
  • OSAS patients exhibited significantly reduced mean deviation (MD) and increased peripheral visual field defects.
  • No differences in corrected pattern standard deviation (CPSD) or intraocular pressure were observed; however, optic disc abnormalities were more frequent in the OSAS group.

Impact:

  • OSAS is associated with reduced visual field sensitivity, potentially due to retinal or optic nerve damage.
  • Findings suggest a possible increased risk of developing low-tension glaucoma in individuals with OSAS.
  • Highlights the importance of ophthalmological screening for patients diagnosed with OSAS.