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Appendicitis-I: Introduction

Appendicitis-I: Introduction

The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
Etiology: Appendicitis can arise from various causes, primarily rooted in the obstruction of the appendix lumen. Factors contributing to this obstruction include fecal accumulation, lymphoid hyperplasia and, in...

Appendicitis

Appendicitis

Appendicitis is an acute inflammatory condition of the vermiform appendix, most commonly caused by obstruction of its lumen. The appendix is a narrow, blind-ended pouch that extends from the cecum, making it particularly prone to obstruction. Causes include fecaliths, lymphoid hyperplasia (often after viral infections), parasites, tumors, or foreign bodies. This obstruction initiates a cascade of pathological changes.Luminal Obstruction and Early InflammationAfter obstruction, normal mucosal...

Abdominal Regions and Quadrants

Abdominal Regions and Quadrants

To promote clear communication, for instance, about the location of a patient's abdominal pain or a suspicious mass, anatomists and clinicians typically use imaginary lines to categorize the abdominopelvic cavity into either four quadrants or nine regions to identify organs in the cavity.
The simpler quadrants approach, which is more commonly used in medicine, subdivides the cavity with one horizontal and one vertical line that intersects at the patient's umbilicus (navel). The four quadrants...

Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology

Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology

Intestinal obstruction triggers a series of physiological responses, starting with gas and fluid accumulation in the bowel segment proximal to the obstruction, leading to distension. This distended intestine compresses the diaphragm, hindering lung expansion and potentially leading to reduced respiratory effort, atelectasis, and pneumonia.To overcome the blockage, the gut intensifies contractions, causing colicky abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, which reduces fluid and food intake and...

Intestinal Obstruction I: Introduction

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Intestinal obstruction is a partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestine that disrupts the normal flow of intestinal contents through the lumen. This interruption impairs digestion, absorption, and fluid balance, and may lead to serious complications if not treated promptly.Mechanical ObstructionMechanical obstruction occurs when a physical blockage prevents intestinal contents from passing, arising from within the lumen or the bowel wall, or from external compression.Adhesions,...

Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Diagnosing and managing appendicitis requires a structured and comprehensive approach that spans from initial assessment to postoperative care. Here is an overview of the process:
Diagnosing Appendicitis
It requires a multifaceted approach, starting with a detailed physical examination to pinpoint the location and nature of the pain and identify any associated symptoms. Laboratory tests play a crucial role. A complete Blood Count (CBC) typically reveals leukocytosis (an increased number of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Robot-assisted Total Mesorectal Excision and Lateral Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection for Locally Advanced Middle-low Rectal Cancer

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Appendicitis in an obturator hernia.

Michael Camerlinck¹, Filip Vanhoenacker, Dimitri De Vuyst

¹Department of Radiology, AZ Sint-Maarten, Duffel, Belgium. micten@mac.com

Abdominal Imaging

|June 10, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A rare case of obturator hernia involving the appendix was diagnosed in an elderly woman presenting with groin pain. CT scans revealed the herniated appendix and abscess, leading to surgical intervention and confirmation of perforation.

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Transvaginal Mesh Insertion in the Ovine Model

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Transvaginal Mesh Insertion in the Ovine Model

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Published on: July 27, 2017

Area of Science:

Gastroenterology
Surgical Anatomy
Radiology

Background:

Obturator hernias are rare pelvic floor hernias, predominantly affecting elderly, emaciated women.
They can present with groin pain radiating to the thigh, and if bowel is incarcerated, may cause obstruction.

Observation:

A 79-year-old female presented with a 9-day history of right groin pain.
Pelvic CT revealed appendix herniation through the obturator canal with a large abscess near the right hip joint.

Findings:

Histopathology confirmed a perforated, necrotic appendix tip within the obturator hernia.
This case highlights isolated appendix incarceration without bowel obstruction.

Implications:

Delayed diagnosis of obturator hernia is common due to non-specific symptoms.
CT imaging is crucial for diagnosing obturator hernias, especially when appendix involvement is suspected.