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Related Concept Videos

B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Lymphoid Cells and Tissues01:18

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Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
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Connective Tissue Cell Types01:22

Connective Tissue Cell Types

Connective tissue develops from the mesoderm of a developing embryo and consists of cells, fibers, and ground substance: a gel-like material containing large complexes of carbohydrates and proteins. Connective tissue was first identified as a separate tissue family in the 18th century, and Johannes Peter Muller coined the term connective tissue.
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Functions of the Lymphatic and Immune System01:28

Functions of the Lymphatic and Immune System

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Primary Lymphoid Organs

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Preparation of Bead-supported Lipid Bilayers to Study the Particulate Output of T Cell Immune Synapses
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Bone density and hyperlipidemia: the T-lymphocyte connection.

Lucia S Graham1, Yin Tintut, Farhad Parhami

  • 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1732, USA.

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
|June 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary

High-fat diets promote T-lymphocyte activation, leading to increased receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) expression and bone loss. This suggests T-cells drive diet-induced osteopenia.

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Published on: February 4, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Bone Biology
  • Metabolic Diseases

Background:

  • Osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease frequently coexist.
  • Oxidized lipids can stimulate T-lymphocytes to produce osteoclastogenic cytokines.
  • High-fat diets induce osteopenia and increase osteoclast potential in mice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of T-lymphocytes in high-fat diet-induced bone loss.
  • To assess bone parameters and T-lymphocyte activation in mice fed high-fat diets.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms linking diet, T-cells, and osteoclastogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • C57BL/6 mice were fed either chow or a high-fat diet for 6 and 11 months.
  • Bone parameters were assessed using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and histomorphometry.
  • T-lymphocyte activation, cytokine expression (RANKL, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ), and LOX-1 expression were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • High-fat diet mice exhibited lower bone mineral content and decreased bone structural parameters.
  • Bone marrow cells from high-fat diet mice showed increased activated memory T-lymphocytes.
  • T-lymphocytes from high-fat diet mice displayed upregulated RANKL expression and increased inflammatory/osteoclastogenic cytokine transcripts.

Conclusions:

  • T-lymphocytes play a critical role in high-fat diet-induced osteoclastogenesis.
  • Diet-induced T-cell activation contributes to bone loss and osteopenia.
  • Targeting T-lymphocyte pathways may offer therapeutic strategies for diet-related bone diseases.