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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the 20th century...
Necrosis01:16

Necrosis

Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
Morphological Manifestations of Necrosis
Necrotic cells show different types of morphological appearance depending on the type of tissue and infection. In coagulative necrosis, cells become anucleated and die, but their...
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
Cellular Injury IV: Necrosis01:16

Cellular Injury IV: Necrosis

Necrosis is a form of irreversible cell death caused by severe injury such as ischemia, toxins, or trauma. Unlike programmed cell death, it is an uncontrolled, pathological process that typically provokes inflammation in surrounding tissues.Pathophysiologic ChangesNecrosis begins when cells sustain critical damage, leading to swelling of organelles, particularly mitochondria, and rapid ATP depletion. As energy levels decline, membrane ion pumps fail, leading to calcium influx and eventually,...

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Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Purification of Mitochondria from Yeast Cells
10:39

Purification of Mitochondria from Yeast Cells

Published on: August 24, 2009

Mitochondria in cell death.

Melissa J Parsons1, Douglas R Green

  • 1Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place Mail Stop 351, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.

Essays in Biochemistry
|June 11, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The intrinsic apoptosis pathway, centered on mitochondria, releases pro-death factors via outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP). This triggers caspase activation, leading to programmed cell death, crucial for development and health.

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Detection of Mitochondria Membrane Potential to Study CLIC4 Knockdown-induced HN4 Cell Apoptosis In Vitro

Published on: July 17, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Apoptosis is essential for animal development and homeostasis.
  • Dysregulation of apoptosis is linked to autoimmune disorders, neurological diseases, and cancer.
  • Two primary pathways initiate apoptosis: extrinsic and intrinsic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway.
  • To highlight the central role of mitochondria in intrinsic apoptosis.
  • To explain the regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP).

Main Methods:

  • Review of signaling cascades in intrinsic apoptosis.
  • Analysis of mitochondrial involvement in programmed cell death.
  • Examination of Bcl-2 family protein regulation of MOMP.

Main Results:

  • The intrinsic pathway involves mitochondria releasing pro-death factors from the intermembrane space (IMS).
  • Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) allows the release of IMS proteins like cytochrome c and Smac/DIABLO.
  • Released IMS proteins activate caspases, leading to cellular dismantling.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondria are central regulators of intrinsic apoptosis.
  • MOMP, controlled by Bcl-2 family proteins, is a critical step.
  • Proper mitochondrial function and apoptosis regulation are vital for organismal health.