Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 12, 2026
04:38
A Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Technique for Inducing Post-stroke Depression in Rats
Published on: May 22, 2019
Heart failure and incident late-life depression.
Hendrika J Luijendijk1, Henning Tiemeier, Julia F van den Berg
1Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
|June 11, 2010
Summary
Heart failure (HF) significantly increases the risk of depression in older adults. However, loop diuretic use in HF patients was linked to a reduced risk of developing depressive symptoms.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology and Psychiatry
- Geriatric Medicine
Background:
- Heart failure (HF) is a prevalent condition in older adults.
- The relationship between HF and the development of depression requires further investigation.
- Potential modifiable factors, such as medication use, may influence this risk.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine if heart failure (HF) elevates the risk of incident depression in elderly individuals.
- To examine whether the use of loop diuretics in patients with HF modifies the risk of depression.
Main Methods:
- A population-based cohort study was conducted from 1993 to 2005, including 5,095 older adults without baseline depression.
- Heart failure and depressive episodes were meticulously assessed using established criteria and continuous medical record monitoring.
- Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were employed to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for depression risk.
Main Results:
- Heart failure was associated with a significantly increased risk of both depressive symptoms and syndromes (HR=1.41) and depressive syndromes alone (HR=1.66).
- In participants diagnosed with HF, the use of loop diuretics demonstrated a protective effect, reducing the risk of depressive symptoms and syndromes (HR=0.46) and depressive syndromes alone (HR=0.41).
Conclusions:
- Heart failure is identified as an independent risk factor for the onset of depression in the elderly population.
- Individuals with HF necessitate vigilant monitoring for depression, with timely intervention being crucial.
- Effective management of HF symptoms may play a role in preventing the development of depression.
Related Concept Videos
01:27Heart Failure I: Introduction
Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
01:29Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
01:26Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations
Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
01:17Pathophysiology of Heart Failure
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
01:26Imbalances in Cardiac Output
The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send blood...
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send blood...
01:20Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction
Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...