Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 12, 2026
07:53
Group Synchronization During Collaborative Drawing Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Published on: August 5, 2022
Extracting concealed information from groups
Ewout H Meijer1, Fren T Y Smulders, Harald L G J Merckelbach
1Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, The Netherlands. eh.meijer@maastrichtuniversity.nl
Journal of Forensic Sciences
|June 11, 2010
Summary
This study adapted the skin conductance-based Concealed Information Test (CIT) for group lie detection. Researchers successfully extracted mock terrorist attack details from a group, demonstrating CIT
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Forensic Science
- Physiology
Background:
- Traditional lie detection focuses on individual suspects.
- Security threats often involve organized groups like terrorist networks.
- Existing methods struggle to extract information collectively from groups.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and evaluate a group-based lie detection method.
- To adapt the skin conductance-based Concealed Information Test (CIT) for group information extraction.
- To determine if critical information can be identified from a group of individuals aware of specific details.
Main Methods:
- A mock terrorist attack scenario was created.
- Twelve participants received specific, concealed information about the attack.
- Each participant underwent a skin conductance-based Concealed Information Test (CIT) with attack-related questions.
Main Results:
- Significant differences in skin conductance responses were observed for correct versus incorrect answer options for every question (p < 0.05).
- The average skin conductance response to the correct answer option consistently differed from other options across all participants.
- This indicates successful extraction of concealed information from the group.
Conclusions:
- The adapted CIT can effectively extract concealed information from a group.
- This method shows promise for intelligence gathering and security applications involving groups.
- Group lie detection using physiological responses is feasible.
Related Concept Videos
00:56Extraction: Advanced Methods
Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is formed in...
01:31In- and Out-Groups
People all belong to a gender, race, age, and social economic group. These groups provide a powerful source of our identity and self-esteem (Tajfel & Turner, 1979) and serve as our in-groups. An in-group is a group that we identify with or see ourselves as belonging to.
01:14Extraction: Partition and Distribution Coefficients
The distribution law or Nernst's distribution law is the law that governs the distribution of a solute between two immiscible solvents. This law, also known as the partition law, states that if a solute is added to the mixture of two immiscible solvents at a constant temperature, the solute is distributed between the two solvents in such a way that the ratio of solute concentrations in the solvents remains constant at equilibrium.
For extracting a solute from an aqueous phase into an organic...
For extracting a solute from an aqueous phase into an organic...
01:23Protecting Groups for Aldehydes and Ketones: Introduction
Protecting groups are compounds that can bind to a specific functional group in the presence of other functional groups to protect them from undesired chemical reactions. These compounds can selectively bind to particular functional groups and advance chemoselective reactions in polyfunctional systems (Figure 1). After the functional group has served its purpose, it is removed by reacting it with specific compounds.
02:14Leaving Groups
The nature of leaving groups strongly influences the outcome of a nucleophilic substitution reaction.
In general, in a nucleophilic substitution reaction, a nucleophile displaces a functional group, called the leaving group, from the substrate to give a substituted product. A leaving group departs the substrate molecule through heterolytic cleavage, taking the pair of electrons with it to become a relatively stable weak base in the form of an anion or a neutral molecule.
In a nucleophilic...
In general, in a nucleophilic substitution reaction, a nucleophile displaces a functional group, called the leaving group, from the substrate to give a substituted product. A leaving group departs the substrate molecule through heterolytic cleavage, taking the pair of electrons with it to become a relatively stable weak base in the form of an anion or a neutral molecule.
In a nucleophilic...
01:19Masking and Demasking Agents
EDTA titrations may necessitate masking and demasking agents to temporarily protect a particular metal ion in a mixture from the EDTA reaction. These agents facilitate the sequential analysis of the metal ions by forming stable complexes with some—but not all—metal ions during certain steps.
There are many masking agents, such as cyanide, fluoride, triethanolamine, thiourea, and 2,3-bis(sulfanyl)propan-1-ol (formerly 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol), with the masking agent chosen based on the metal...
There are many masking agents, such as cyanide, fluoride, triethanolamine, thiourea, and 2,3-bis(sulfanyl)propan-1-ol (formerly 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol), with the masking agent chosen based on the metal...