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Related Concept Videos

Coronary Circulation01:21

Coronary Circulation

The heart, an organ critical to survival, gets nourishment not from the blood it pumps but from a separate circulation system known as coronary circulation. This is the shortest circulation in the body and is responsible for supplying the heart with the nutrients it needs to function effectively.
Coronary circulation begins at the base of the aorta, where two main arteries arise—the left and right coronary arteries. These arteries encircle the heart in the coronary sulcus and supply the...
Physiology of the Heart: The Cardiac Cycle01:18

Physiology of the Heart: The Cardiac Cycle

The cardiac cycle describes the events from one heartbeat to the next. It includes three main phases: diastole, atrial systole, and ventricular systole, all driven by changes in chamber pressures and the function of heart valves.
Diastole: The Relaxation Phase
During diastole, all four heart chambers relax. The atrioventricular (AV) valves open, and the semilunar valves close. This phase sees the lowest chamber pressures, promoting ventricular filling. Venous blood enters the heart through the...
Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
The Arch of Aorta01:10

The Arch of Aorta

The coronary arteries, originating from the ascending aorta, bifurcate from two sinuses located within the ascending aorta. Positioned just above the aortic semilunar valve, these sinuses house essential aortic baroreceptors and chemoreceptors, crucial for maintaining cardiac function. The left coronary artery and the right coronary artery branch off from the left posterior and anterior aortic sinuses, respectively.
Encircling the heart, the coronary arteries form a ring-like structure before...
Overview of Systemic Arteries01:11

Overview of Systemic Arteries

The human body is a complex, well-organized machine, and at the heart of its operations lies the circulatory system. This network of blood vessels, which includes systemic arteries, plays a vital role in maintaining life by transporting nutrients, oxygen, and waste products to and from cells throughout the body.
Systemic circulation is the part of the cardiovascular system that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body's tissues and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
Anatomy of the Circulatory System02:03

Anatomy of the Circulatory System

The human circulatory system consists of blood, blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart, around the body, and back to the heart, and the heart itself, which acts as a central pump. The systemic circuit supplies blood to the whole body, the coronary circuit supplies blood to the heart, and the pulmonary circuit supplies blood flow between the heart and lungs.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Direct Re-implantation of Left Coronary Artery into the Aorta in Adults with Anomalous Origin of Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery (ALCAPA)
13:10

Direct Re-implantation of Left Coronary Artery into the Aorta in Adults with Anomalous Origin of Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery (ALCAPA)

Published on: April 24, 2017

The human coronary collateral circulation.

Christian Seiler1

  • 1Cardiology, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland. christian.seiler@insel.ch

European Journal of Clinical Investigation
|June 11, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Promoting the growth of large coronary collateral arteries (arteriogenesis) is key for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) who cannot be revascularized. This approach improves blood flow and patient outcomes.

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Evaluation of Coronary Flow Reserve After Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion in Rats
06:32

Evaluation of Coronary Flow Reserve After Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion in Rats

Published on: June 28, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Direct Re-implantation of Left Coronary Artery into the Aorta in Adults with Anomalous Origin of Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery (ALCAPA)
13:10

Direct Re-implantation of Left Coronary Artery into the Aorta in Adults with Anomalous Origin of Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery (ALCAPA)

Published on: April 24, 2017

Evaluation of Coronary Flow Reserve After Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion in Rats
06:32

Evaluation of Coronary Flow Reserve After Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion in Rats

Published on: June 28, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Vascular Biology
  • Interventional Cardiology

Background:

  • Coronary collateral arteries provide alternative blood supply to ischemic myocardium.
  • Well-developed collaterals in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients reduce infarct size and improve survival.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role and therapeutic promotion of coronary collateral arteries in CAD.
  • To differentiate between arteriogenesis and angiogenesis for therapeutic benefit.

Main Methods:

  • Assessment of collateral flow during vascular occlusion using pressure- or velocity-derived collateral flow index.
  • Investigated factors promoting collateral growth, including granulocyte-colony stimulating factor and augmented coronary flow velocity.

Main Results:

  • Collateral arteries preventing ischemia are present in about one-third of CAD patients.
  • Collateral flow sufficient to prevent ischemia is at least 25% of normal flow.
  • Infarct size is determined by occlusion time, area at risk, and collateral supply.

Conclusions:

  • Therapeutic strategies should focus on promoting arteriogenesis (large artery growth) over angiogenesis (capillary sprouting).
  • Monocyte/macrophage activation via granulocyte-colony stimulating factor or increased coronary flow velocity can promote collateral artery development.