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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...

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MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism
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Naturally occurring variations in sequence length creates microRNA isoforms that differ in argonaute effector complex

H Alexander Ebhardt1, Amber Fedynak, Richard P Fahlman

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Systems Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2H7, Canada. rfahlman@ualberta.ca.

Silence
|June 11, 2010
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can have stable length isoforms one or two nucleotides longer than previously recorded. This discovery in Arabidopsis thaliana suggests length variation is common in plant miRNAs.

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14:15

Highly Efficient Ligation of Small RNA Molecules for MicroRNA Quantitation by High-Throughput Sequencing

Published on: November 18, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Plant molecular biology
  • RNA biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short RNA molecules (16-35 nucleotides) crucial for gene regulation.
  • Previously, individual miRNAs were assumed to have a fixed length.
  • A report of a longer miRNA variant in Arabidopsis thaliana initiated this study.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of miRNA length variations in Arabidopsis thaliana.
  • To characterize the properties of these newly identified miRNA isoforms.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic analysis of annotated miRNAs in miRBase V.14 for Arabidopsis thaliana.
  • Bioinformatic analysis to identify sequence length variations.
  • Co-expression analysis and assessment of argonaute complex association.

Main Results:

  • Approximately 20% of annotated A. thaliana miRNAs exhibit stable isoforms that are 1-2 nucleotides longer than recorded.
  • These miRNA isoforms are co-expressed with their shorter counterparts.
  • Differential argonaute complex association was observed for these isoforms.

Conclusions:

  • Length isoforms of microRNAs are common in Arabidopsis thaliana.
  • This finding impacts miRNA annotation, validation, and localization studies.
  • The presence of miRNA isoforms is predicted in other plant species.