Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble

Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble

The shape of a small drop of liquid can be considered spherical, neglecting the effect of gravity. This drop can further be considered as two equal hemispherical drops put together due to surface tension. The forces acting on the spherical drop are due to the pressure of the liquid inside the drop, the pressure due to air outside the drop, and the force due to the surface tension acting on the two hemispherical drops.

Surface Tension of Fluid

Surface Tension of Fluid

Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
Surface tension varies with...

Colloids

Colloids

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...

Cohesion

Cohesion

Cohesion is the attraction between molecules of the same type, such as water molecules. Water molecules have an overall neutral charge but are polar molecule. An oxygen atom in one water molecule has a partial negative charge that can bind to a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge in a second water molecule, forming a hydrogen bond. Each water molecule can form up to four hydrogen bonds with other water molecules. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for water's cohesive nature.
On a surface,...

Microenvironments

Microenvironments

Microorganisms inhabit highly localized spaces known as microenvironments, which are defined by distinct physical and chemical characteristics. These include oxygen concentration, pH, temperature, light availability, and nutrient levels. The conditions within a microenvironment can differ markedly from those in the surrounding area and significantly influence microbial growth, metabolism, and community structure.Microenvironments often display sharp physicochemical gradients over small spatial...

Micelles

Micelles

Micelle formation is an intricate process that hinges on the properties of amphiphilic or amphipathic molecules and the conditions of the system in which they are found. Amphiphilic molecules, which have both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) parts, play a critical role in this process.In aqueous environments, these molecules arrange themselves such that their hydrophilic heads are turned towards the water phase, while their hydrophobic tails are oriented away...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Catalytic hybrid solvent regeneration in membrane vacuum processes for direct air capture.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

Template-Free Microfluidic Fabrication of Water-in-Water Microcapsules for Controlled Release.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026

Same author

An integrated molecular-thermodynamic framework for analyzing nanobubbles in supersaturated liquids.

RSC advances·2025

Same author

The value of contrast-enhanced MRI in the selection of surgical approaches for recurrent lumbar disc herniation in full-endoscopic surgery.

Neurosurgical review·2025

Same author

Liquid film thinning-thickening anomaly in electrolyte solutions.

Journal of colloid and interface science·2025

Same author

Nanoscale Flexing Mechanism of a Metal-Organic Framework Determined by Atomic Force Microscopy.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System

Published on: May 9, 2021

Dynamic interactions between microbubbles in water.

Ivan U Vakarelski¹, Rogerio Manica, Xiaosong Tang

¹Particulate Fluids Processing Centre, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|June 11, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Directly measured forces between colliding microbubbles reveal key factors in bubble coalescence. Findings clarify hydrodynamic boundary conditions and van der Waals forces, differing from rigid particle studies.

More Related Videos

A Microfluidic System with Surface Patterning for Investigating Cavitation Bubble(s)–Cell Interaction and the Resultant Bioeffects at the Single-cell Level

A Microfluidic System with Surface Patterning for Investigating Cavitation Bubble(s)–Cell Interaction and the Resultant Bioeffects at the Single-cell Level

Published on: January 10, 2017

Multi-timescale Microscopy Methods for the Characterization of Fluorescently-labeled Microbubbles for Ultrasound-Triggered Drug Release

Multi-timescale Microscopy Methods for the Characterization of Fluorescently-labeled Microbubbles for Ultrasound-Triggered Drug Release

Published on: June 12, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System

Published on: May 9, 2021

A Microfluidic System with Surface Patterning for Investigating Cavitation Bubble(s)–Cell Interaction and the Resultant Bioeffects at the Single-cell Level

A Microfluidic System with Surface Patterning for Investigating Cavitation Bubble(s)–Cell Interaction and the Resultant Bioeffects at the Single-cell Level

Published on: January 10, 2017

Multi-timescale Microscopy Methods for the Characterization of Fluorescently-labeled Microbubbles for Ultrasound-Triggered Drug Release

Multi-timescale Microscopy Methods for the Characterization of Fluorescently-labeled Microbubbles for Ultrasound-Triggered Drug Release

Published on: June 12, 2021

Area of Science:

Continuum mechanics
Fluid dynamics
Surface science

Background:

The interaction between liquid and vapor phases in bubbles is a fundamental yet understudied area.
Direct measurement of time-dependent forces between colliding bubbles is lacking, especially at nanoscale.
Understanding bubble dynamics is crucial for various physical and chemical processes.

Purpose of the Study:

To directly measure the time-dependent forces between colliding microbubbles.
To investigate the influence of surface deformation and hydrodynamic flow on bubble interactions.
To elucidate the mechanisms governing bubble coalescence.

Main Methods:

Utilized ultrasonically generated microbubbles (approx. 100 micrometers).
Employed atomic force microscopy for precise bubble positioning and force measurement.
Combined experimental data with detailed theoretical modeling.

Main Results:

Revealed the nature of hydrodynamic boundary conditions at the air/water interface.
Demonstrated the interplay of hydrodynamic flow, van der Waals-Lifshitz forces, and bubble deformation in coalescence.
Observed behaviors distinct from those predicted for rigid particles.

Conclusions:

Direct force measurements provide unprecedented insight into bubble-bubble interactions.
Coalescence is governed by a complex interplay of forces and deformations, not solely by ion effects or thermal fluctuations.
Findings challenge previous assumptions based on rigid particle studies.