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Updated: Jun 12, 2026

A Novel Vertebral Stabilization Method for Producing Contusive Spinal Cord Injury
Published on: January 5, 2015
Stage 4 compressive-extension injury of the cervical spine: a theoretical stage?
Kyung-Soo Suk1, Ki-Tack Kim, Jung-Hee Lee
1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyung-Hee University College of Medicine, Dongdamun-ku, Seoul, Korea. sks111@khmc.or.kr
Study Design:
Case reports of stage 4 compressive-extension injury (CES-4).
Objective:
To present CES-4, which has been known as a theoretical stage.
Summary Of Background Data:
Compressive-extension stage 3 and 4 lesion has been considered as theoretical stages between the mild and advanced lesions of the compressive-extension phylogeny.
Methods:
Clinical and radiologic details are presented documenting the CES-4 injury.
Results:
The authors have encountered 2 cases of CES-4 injury and in this study report the radiographic findings and describe the surgical treatment of the cases.
Conclusion:
CES-4 is not a theoretical stage.
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