Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 12, 2026
07:24
Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane
Published on: August 22, 2025
Motion sickness induced by off-vertical axis rotation (OVAR).
Mingjia Dai1, Sofronis Sofroniou, Mikhail Kunin
1Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 East 100th Street, Box 1135, New York, NY, 10029, USA. Mingjia.dai@mssm.edu
Experimental Brain Research
|June 11, 2010
Summary
Motion sickness arises from a sensory-motor conflict. This conflict involves the disparity between eye velocity and the orientation vector processed by velocity storage, impacting motion sickness sensitivity.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Vestibular System
- Human Physiology
Background:
- Motion sickness is a common sensory-motor disorder.
- The underlying neural mechanisms, particularly the role of velocity storage, are not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To test the hypothesis that motion sickness is caused by the integration of disparity between eye velocity and the velocity storage orientation vector.
- To correlate motion sickness sensitivity with this calculated disparity.
Main Methods:
- Nine subjects underwent rotation around axes tilted 10-30 degrees from the spatial vertical at velocities of 30-120 degrees/s.
- Disparity was calculated as the cross product magnitude between eye velocity and the yaw-axis orientation vector.
- Motion sickness sensitivity was quantified as the ratio of maximum sickness score to revolutions.
Main Results:
- Motion sickness sensitivity increased monotonically with increasing disparity, which was influenced by rotational velocity and head tilt.
- Maximum sensitivity and bias (6.8 degrees/s) were observed at 60 degrees/s with a 30-degree tilt.
- Eye velocity modulations during off-vertical axis rotation (OVAR) did not correlate with motion sickness sensitivity.
Conclusions:
- The sensory-motor conflict producing motion sickness involves otolith organs and body tilt receptors coding spatial verticality.
- Processing of eye velocity through velocity storage and an orientation disparity comparator contributes to motion sickness.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:15Equilibrium and Balance
The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...
01:25Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes
Consider a component AB undergoing a linear motion. Along with a linear motion, point B also rotates around point A. To comprehend this complex movement, position vectors for both points A and B are established using a stationary reference frame.
However, to express the relative position of point B relative to point A, an additional frame of reference, denoted as x'y', is necessary. This additional frame not only translates but also rotates relative to the fixed frame, making it instrumental in...
However, to express the relative position of point B relative to point A, an additional frame of reference, denoted as x'y', is necessary. This additional frame not only translates but also rotates relative to the fixed frame, making it instrumental in...
01:29Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes-Problem Solving
Consider a crane whose telescopic boom rotates with an angular velocity of 0.04 rad/s and angular acceleration of 0.02 rad/s2. Along with the rotation, the boom also extends linearly with a uniform speed of 5 m/s. The extension of the boom is measured at point D, which is measured with respect to the fixed point C on the other end of the boom. For the given instant, the distance between points C and D is 60 meters.
Here, in order to determine the magnitude of velocity and acceleration for point...
Here, in order to determine the magnitude of velocity and acceleration for point...
01:26Rotational Motion about a Fixed Axis
A rigid body's rotation around a fixed axis makes every point within it trace a circular path around a specific line or point. The term given to this type of spinning is defined by the angular position, symbolized by the angle θ. This angle is gauged from a static reference line to the revolving object. From this angular position, any variation is referred to as angular displacement, denoted by dθ. The extent of this displacement can be calculated in degrees, radians, or revolutions, where one...
01:22Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes - Acceleration
Consider a component AB undergoing a linear motion. Along with a linear motion, point B also rotates around point A. To comprehend this complex movement, position vectors for both points A and B are established using a stationary reference frame. The absolute velocity of point B is determined by adding the absolute velocity of point A, the relative velocity of point B in the rotating frame, and the effects caused by the angular velocity within the rotating frame.
Time differentiation is...
Time differentiation is...
01:29The Vestibular System
The vestibular system is a set of inner ear structures that provide a sense of balance and spatial orientation. This system is comprised of structures within the labyrinth of the inner ear, including the cochlea and two otolith organs—the utricle and saccule. The labyrinth also contains three semicircular canals—superior, posterior, and horizontal—that are oriented on different planes.