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Idiopathic hypercalciuria in children with vesico ureteral reflux and recurrent urinary tract infection
Hashem Mahmoodzadeh1, Ahmadali Nikibakhsh, Mohammad Karamyyar
1Department of Pediatric, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
Insights
Idiopathic hypercalciuria is not a major cause of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). This study found no significant association between hypercalciuria and recurrent UTIs in this pediatric group.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Nephrology
- Urology
- Clinical Research
Background:
- Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children are a common clinical concern.
- Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a known risk factor for UTIs.
- The role of idiopathic hypercalciuria in pediatric UTIs, particularly with VUR, requires further elucidation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between idiopathic hypercalciuria and recurrent UTIs in children.
- To compare the prevalence of idiopathic hypercalciuria in children with VUR and recurrent UTIs versus controls.
Main Methods:
- A study group of 45 children with VUR and recurrent UTIs was compared to two control groups.
- Control group 1: 45 healthy children. Control group 2: 45 children with VUR and a single UTI episode.
- Idiopathic hypercalciuria was defined by urine calcium/creatinine ratio thresholds based on age.
Main Results:
- The study group (VUR with recurrent UTI) had 20% hypercalciuria.
- Control group 1 (healthy) had 13.3% hypercalciuria.
- Control group 2 (VUR with single UTI) had 15.6% hypercalciuria.
Conclusions:
- No statistically significant difference in hypercalciuria rates was observed between the groups.
- Idiopathic hypercalciuria does not appear to be a major contributing factor to recurrent UTIs in children with VUR.
Purpose:
Our aim was to determine association of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and idiopathic hypercalciuria in children with recurrent and single episode of urinary tract infection (UTI).
Materials And Methods:
The study group consisted of 45 children with VUR and recurrent UTI, and 2 control groups: 45 normal healthy children (control group 1) and 45 children with VUR and single episode of UTI (control group 2). Idiopathic hypercalciuria was defined as urine calcium to creatinine ratio more than 0.8 (mg/mg) in infants younger than 1 year old, and more than 0.2 (mg/mg) in older children (without any detectable causes for hypercalciuria).
Results:
The study group consisted of 26 (57.8%) girls and 19 (42.2%) boys, with the mean age of 41.14 +/- 22.1 months. Nine (20%) subjects had hypercalciuria. The control group 1 composed of 22 (48.9%) girls and 23 (51.1%) boys, with the mean age of 43.98 +/- 16.23 months. In this group, 6 subjects (13.3%) with hypercalciuria were detected. The control group 2 composed of 23 (51.1%) girls and 22 (48.9%) boys, with the mean age of 39.96 +/- 24.2 months. In group 2, 7 subjects (15.6%) with hypercalciuria were detected.
Conclusion:
Comparison between such results was not statistically significant. Despite reports of different studies about accompanying of hypercalciuria with recurrent UTI with or without anatomical abnormalities, according to the present study, idiopathic hypercalciuria is not a major contributing factor to recurrent UTI in children with VUR.
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