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Slide Preparation Method to Preserve Three-dimensional Chromatin Architecture of Testicular Germ Cells
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[Meiotic inactivation of sex chromosomes in mammals]

E A Vas'kova, S V Pavlova, A I Shevchenko

    Genetika
    |June 12, 2010
    PubMed

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    X-inactivation01:58

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    In animals, gender is determined by the number and type of sex chromosome. For example, human females have two X chromosomes, and males have one X and one Y chromosome, whereas C.elegans with one X chromosome is a male, and the one with two X chromosomes is a hermaphrodite.
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    The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes02:45

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    In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.  
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    The Y chromosome is a sex chromosome found in several vertebrates and mammals, including humans. In addition to 22 pairs of autosomes, the human males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. In these organisms, the presence or absence of the Y chromosome determines the development of male traits.
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