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Cultivation Methods of Spirochetes from Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Complex and Relapsing Fever Borrelia
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Structure, function, and evolution of linear replicons in Borrelia.

George Chaconas1, Kerri Kobryn

  • 1Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. chaconas@ucalgary.ca

Annual Review of Microbiology
|June 12, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Borrelia spirochetes possess unique linear DNA molecules. A key enzyme, telomere resolvase (ResT), resolves DNA hairpins, potentially driving genome evolution and linearization.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Borrelia species are significant human pathogens causing Lyme borreliosis and relapsing fever.
  • Borrelia genomes are complex, featuring numerous linear DNA molecules with variable sequences.
  • These linear elements are characterized by hairpin telomeres, requiring a unique resolution process.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of telomere resolvase (ResT) in Borrelia genome dynamics.
  • To explore the evolutionary origins of telomere resolvases and their relationship to tyrosine recombinases.
  • To understand the mechanism of telomere resolution in linear Borrelia replicons.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of Borrelia genome structure and plasmid content.
  • Biochemical characterization of the telomere resolvase (ResT) enzyme.
  • Comparative genomics to study the evolution of telomere resolvases and tyrosine recombinases.

Main Results:

  • Telomere resolution is a critical process for replicating linear Borrelia DNA molecules.
  • ResT promotes the fusion of stabilized telomeres, contributing to genetic flux.
  • ResT functions as a tyrosine recombinase, generating a Holliday junction intermediate.
  • Evidence suggests telomere resolvases evolved from tyrosine recombinases, facilitating DNA linearization.

Conclusions:

  • Telomere resolution by ResT is essential for Borrelia genome plasticity.
  • The evolutionary link between telomere resolvases and tyrosine recombinases explains DNA linearization.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for studying Borrelia pathogenesis and evolution.