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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...

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Related Experiment Video

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Tailoring In Vivo Cytotoxicity Assays to Study Immunodominance in Tumor-specific CD8+ T Cell Responses
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Published on: May 6, 2019

Inherited defects in lymphocyte cytotoxic activity.

Jana Pachlopnik Schmid1, Jana P Schmid, Marjorie Côte

  • 1Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U768, 75015 Paris, France.

Immunological Reviews
|June 12, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Lymphocyte cytotoxic activity is vital for immunity. Impaired function causes hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytic syndrome (HLH), a severe condition where uncontrolled immune cells infiltrate organs, highlighting gamma-interferon as a therapeutic target.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Granule-dependent cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes is crucial for eliminating virally infected and tumor cells.
  • Defects in lymphocyte cytotoxicity lead to severe conditions like hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytic syndrome (HLH).
  • HLH involves uncontrolled T lymphocyte and macrophage activation, causing multi-organ infiltration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding effectors that regulate cytotoxic granule release.
  • To explore the role of cytotoxic pathways in maintaining lymphocyte homeostasis and immune surveillance.
  • To identify therapeutic targets for managing HLH.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on molecular mechanisms of cytotoxic granule release.
  • Analysis of genetic and clinical data related to HLH.
  • Examination of immune cell activation pathways in HLH pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Recent characterization of key effectors involved in cytotoxic granule exocytosis.
  • Elucidation of the cytotoxic pathway's role in lymphocyte homeostasis and immune surveillance.
  • Identification of mechanisms driving HLH, implicating uncontrolled macrophage activation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding cytotoxic granule release mechanisms is key to immune regulation.
  • Gamma-interferon emerges as a potential therapeutic target to control macrophage activation in HLH.
  • Targeting this pathway could mitigate the severe manifestations of HLH.