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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature is...

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Murine Superficial Lymph Node Surgery
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Plasticity in programming of effector and memory CD8 T-cell formation.

Ramon Arens1, Stephen P Schoenberger

  • 1Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, The La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.

Immunological Reviews
|June 12, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8(+) T cells) are crucial for fighting infections and cancer. Their development from naive precursors into effector and memory cells is shaped by signals from dendritic cells, influencing immune response characteristics.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • CD8(+) T cells, or cytotoxic T lymphocytes, are vital for adaptive immunity against pathogens and tumors.
  • Their differentiation into effector and memory cells is a complex process initiated by antigen-presenting dendritic cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the signals that drive CD8(+) T-cell differentiation.
  • To explore how signal variations contribute to the diversity of CD8(+) T-cell responses.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes current research on CD8(+) T-cell development.
  • It analyzes the integration of antigenic, costimulatory, and inflammatory signals.

Main Results:

  • Signal integration by dendritic cells dictates key response parameters: clonal expansion, effector function, and memory cell pool size.
  • Variations in these signals lead to diverse CD8(+) T-cell effector and memory populations.

Conclusions:

  • The nature of signals encountered during T-cell priming critically determines the quality and quantity of CD8(+) T-cell immunity.
  • Understanding these signaling pathways is key to harnessing CD8(+) T-cell responses for therapeutic benefit.