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Related Concept Videos

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
Gene Flow02:39

Gene Flow

Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.
Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift01:09

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).Mechanisms of Genetic VariationThe original sources of genetic variation are mutations,...
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
Genetic Drift03:33

Genetic Drift

Natural selection—probably the most well-known evolutionary mechanism—increases the prevalence of traits that enhance survival and reproduction. However, evolution does not merely propagate favorable traits, nor does it always benefit populations.Life is not fair. A deer grazing contentedly in a field can have her meal cut tragically short by a bolt of lightning. If the doomed doe is one of only three in the population, 1/3 of the population’s gene pool is lost. Random events like this can...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Generation of Maternal Mutants Using zpc:cas9 Knock-in Zebrafish
09:17

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Published on: July 22, 2025

Gametic gene flow method accounts for genomic imprinting.

V Börner1, N Reinsch

  • 1Research Unit Genetics and Biometrics, Research Institute for the Biology of Farm Animals (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.

Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics = Zeitschrift Fur Tierzuchtung Und Zuchtungsbiologie
|June 12, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Genomic imprinting in livestock can be modeled using paternal and maternal breeding values. A gametic gene flow method helps calculate selection impacts and inbreeding dynamics in breeding programs.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Genetics
  • Quantitative Genetics
  • Livestock Breeding

Background:

  • Genomic imprinting influences trait expression in livestock.
  • Traditional genetic evaluation models may not fully capture parent-of-origin effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend the discounted gene flow method to a gametic level.
  • To account for parent-of-origin effects in genetic evaluation.
  • To assess selection impacts and inbreeding dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Generalized discounted gene flow method extended to the gametic level.
  • Application to a hypothetical pig breeding program.
  • Derivation of relative weighting factors for paternal and maternal breeding values.

Main Results:

  • The gametic approach effectively calculates expected inbreeding increases.
  • Paternally inherited genetic effects often received higher weighting factors.
  • Selection-induced inbreeding increase in the medium-term exceeded long-term increase by 20-100%.

Conclusions:

  • The gametic gene flow method is valuable for genetic evaluation of imprinted traits.
  • Understanding imprinting effects is crucial for optimizing livestock breeding schemes.
  • Selection strategies must consider the dynamics of inbreeding due to imprinting.