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Related Concept Videos

Ethical Issues01:27

Ethical Issues

Nurses are essential in patient care, upholding the ethical principles of their profession and effectively navigating ethical dilemmas. Neglecting ethical issues can lead to inadequate patient care, compromised therapeutic relationships, and moral distress among healthcare workers.
Ethical Concerns in Healthcare:
Ethical Dilemmas I01:17

Ethical Dilemmas I

Ethical dilemmas in nursing are of utmost importance, as they often arise from the tension between adhering to core ethical principles and the practical realities of healthcare delivery. These dilemmas require nurses to navigate complex situations where competing ethical considerations pull them in different directions.
Let us explore some examples to understand the potentially complex moral decisions nurses face.
Take the case of caring for minors, particularly in areas related to reproductive...
Patient-centered Care01:13

Patient-centered Care

Patient-centered care involves delivering care beyond inpatient hospitalization. Reflective practice can enhance a patient-centered approach. Reflective practice is a process of reasoning that considers all aspects of the present situation, including practicalities, learning from personal practice, and consideration of patient needs. Patients appreciate care decisions made while considering their input. Involving the patient in their care provides the patient with a sense of contribution rather...
Critical Thinking II01:25

Critical Thinking II

Critical thinking is a cognitive process with several attributes. The attributes of critical thinking include the following:
Critical Thinking I01:24

Critical Thinking I

Critical thinking helps decision-making and allows nurses to recognize barriers to success and find solutions to possible issues. It helps to brainstorm and implement ideas to achieve goals. Critical thinking helps acknowledge and state workflow inefficiencies while improving management techniques. Nurses understand the value of critical thinking and look for fellow nurses with critical thinking skills to upgrade their professional standards. Critical thinking can advance a nurse's career with...
Professional Values01:29

Professional Values

Nurses are responsible for caring for patients during birth, death, illness, and healing. Professional values guide the decisions and actions that nurses make in their careers. If nurses know the decisions and actions to take, providing patients with exceptional care is possible.
The values that are the foundation of the nursing profession are altruism, autonomy, human dignity, and social justice.
First, altruism refers to the concern for the welfare and well-being of others without personal...

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Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care
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Published on: February 16, 2011

Reflection and moral maturity in a nurse's caring practice: a critical perspective.

Jane Sumner1

  • 1Professor of Nursing, Nursing, LSUHSC School of Nursing, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA. jsumne@lsuhsc.edu

Nursing Philosophy : an International Journal for Healthcare Professionals
|June 12, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Nurse reflection requires post-conventional moral maturity and expert practice (Benner

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Using Learning Outcome Measures to assess Doctoral Nursing Education
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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Nursing Ethics
  • Social Theory
  • Professional Development

Background:

  • Nurse reflection is crucial for professional growth and ethical practice.
  • Existing theories offer limited insight into the developmental prerequisites for self-reflection in nursing.
  • Critical social theory provides a lens to examine power dynamics influencing reflective capacity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the likelihood of nurse reflection using Habermas' Theory of Communicative Action and Sumner's Moral Construct of Caring.
  • To explore the developmental stages necessary for nurses to engage in self-directed reflection.
  • To analyze the impact of moral maturity and practice expertise on reflective capabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis integrating Habermas' and Sumner's frameworks.
  • Application of critical social theory to understand reflective action.
  • Discussion of developmental levels: moral maturity and Benner's stages of nursing expertise.

Main Results:

  • Nurses require post-conventional moral maturity and expert practice (Benner's Stage 5) for inward self-reflection.
  • Innate vulnerability can lead to self-protective behaviors, hindering reflection at lower developmental levels.
  • Confidence from practice mastery is essential for nurses to engage in reflective practice, leading to enlightenment and empowerment.

Conclusions:

  • True self-reflection in nursing is contingent upon achieving advanced stages of moral and professional development.
  • Institutional power hierarchies and nurse-patient knowledge dynamics can constrain reflective capacity.
  • Empowerment through reflection is realized only after attaining a high level of practice competence and moral maturity.