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Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

Abnormal Proliferation

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...

Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions

Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions

Methylation is a phase II biotransformation process involving the attachment of a methyl group to a substrate. Enzymes known as methyltransferases orchestrate this reaction.
The mechanism of methylation unfolds in two stages. The first stage sees a methyltransferase enzyme facilitating the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the substrate, forming S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). The second stage involves further metabolism of SAH into homocysteine, which can be recycled...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues

miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues

Published on: September 8, 2015

[Hypermethylation and prostate cancer].

M Colombel¹, E Ricci, A Picard

¹Hôpital Edouard-Herriot, 5, place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon cedex 03, France.

Progres En Urologie : Journal De L'Association Francaise D'Urologie Et De La Societe Francaise D'Urologie

|June 12, 2010

Summary

DNA methylation tests show promise for diagnosing localized prostate cancer, offering more reliable insights than PSA. These advanced diagnostic tools are crucial for tailoring treatment strategies and predicting progression risk post-surgery.

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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues

miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues

Published on: September 8, 2015

MicroRNA Detection in Prostate Tumors by Quantitative Real-time PCR (qPCR)

MicroRNA Detection in Prostate Tumors by Quantitative Real-time PCR (qPCR)

Published on: May 16, 2012

Methyl-binding DNA capture Sequencing for Patient Tissues

Methyl-binding DNA capture Sequencing for Patient Tissues

Published on: October 31, 2016

Area of Science:

Oncology
Molecular Diagnostics
Genetics

Context:

Current prostate cancer diagnosis relies on methods like PSA, which have limitations.
There is a growing need for more accurate diagnostic and prognostic tools.
Therapeutic strategies require adaptation based on reliable patient-specific tests.

Purpose:

To synthesize current knowledge on DNA methylation tests for prostate cancer diagnosis.
To highlight the potential of DNA methylation analysis in improving early detection and prognosis.
To review the application of these tests in primary tumors and urine samples.

Summary:

DNA methylation analysis, particularly promoter hypermethylation of cancer-related genes, is a promising area for new prostate cancer tests.
Early studies show encouraging results for DNA methylation tests in localized prostate cancer, especially for predicting progression post-surgery.
These tests have been evaluated in primary tumors and urine, indicating broad applicability.

Impact:

DNA methylation tests could lead to more personalized treatment strategies for prostate cancer.
Improved diagnostic accuracy can help identify patients at high risk of progression.
Further development and large-scale evaluation are essential for clinical integration.