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Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

Batteries and Fuel Cells

A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
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The automobile's ignition system plays a vital role by ensuring the timely ignition of the fuel-air mixture in each cylinder. This ignition is facilitated by a spark plug, which is composed of two electrodes separated by an air gap. A spark forms across this air gap when a substantial voltage is generated between the electrodes, leading to the ignition of the fuel.
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

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In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...
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Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.     
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Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children
04:55

Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children

Published on: September 11, 2018

Battery ingestion in children.

Tal Marom1, Abraham Goldfarb, Eyal Russo

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Tel Aviv University Sackler School of Medicine, Holon, Israel. maromtal@013.net.il

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
|June 12, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric battery ingestion can cause severe esophageal damage. Prompt removal and tailored post-procedure care, including medical therapy, are crucial for recovery, though evidence for some treatments remains limited.

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Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children
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Published on: September 11, 2018

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10:02

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Published on: November 3, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Pediatric battery ingestion is increasing due to accessible electronic devices.
  • Impacted batteries in the esophagus can cause extensive electrochemical and pressure necrosis.
  • Post-removal management of esophageal battery impaction remains controversial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a case of pediatric lithium battery ingestion and discuss its management.
  • To highlight the potential for severe esophageal injury from battery impaction.
  • To review current understanding and controversies in post-esophagoscopy care.

Main Methods:

  • A case of an 8-year-old boy with lithium battery ingestion is detailed.
  • Initial management included rigid esophagoscopy for battery removal.
  • Post-operative care involved fasting, intravenous antibiotics, antacids, and steroids, with subsequent flexible esophagoscopy and swallow tests.

Main Results:

  • Rigid esophagoscopy revealed an impacted lithium battery and severe ulcerative esophagitis.
  • Post-operative medical therapy was initiated, and no esophageal perforation was detected.
  • The child recovered fully with normal swallowing function within 14 days.

Conclusions:

  • Battery ingestion causes injury via pressure, electrical currents, and alkali leakage.
  • Management requires careful consideration of imaging, removal, and tailored adjuvant therapies.
  • Increased public awareness is vital to reduce the incidence of pediatric battery ingestion.