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Related Concept Videos

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy01:05

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

TiO2-coated Hollow Glass Microspheres with Superhydrophobic and High IR-reflective Properties Synthesized by a Soft-chemistry Method
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Porous fluoride antireflective coatings.

I M Thomas

    Applied Optics
    |June 12, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    New antireflective coatings using calcium fluoride (CaF2) and magnesium fluoride (MgF2) show high laser damage resistance. These coatings are efficient for optical applications requiring high laser energy handling.

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    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Optical Engineering
    • Laser Physics

    Background:

    • Antireflective coatings are crucial for minimizing optical losses in laser systems.
    • Developing coatings with high laser-induced damage thresholds (LIDT) is essential for high-power laser applications.
    • Calcium fluoride (CaF2) and magnesium fluoride (MgF2) are common materials for optical coatings due to their transparency and low refractive index.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To prepare quarterwave antireflective coatings of CaF2 and MgF2.
    • To evaluate the optical efficiency and laser damage thresholds of these coatings.
    • To investigate the performance of these coatings on fused silica and CaF2 substrates.

    Main Methods:

    • Coatings were prepared using colloidal suspensions of CaF2 and MgF2 in methanol.
    • Substrates used were fused silica and calcium fluoride.
    • Optical efficiency and laser damage thresholds were measured at 350 nm.

    Main Results:

    • Quarterwave antireflective coatings were successfully prepared.
    • Coatings exhibited high optical efficiency.
    • High laser damage thresholds were achieved: 6-8 J/cm² for single shots (0.6-ns pulse length) and 20-25 J/cm² for multishots (25-ns pulse length at 25 Hz).

    Conclusions:

    • Colloidal suspension method is effective for preparing high-performance antireflective coatings.
    • CaF2 and MgF2 coatings demonstrate excellent laser damage resistance suitable for demanding optical applications.
    • These coatings offer a promising solution for high-power laser systems requiring efficient and durable optical components.