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Related Concept Videos

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments01:30

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments (EDMs) are essential tools in modern surveying, offering precise distance measurements by emitting electromagnetic signals and calculating the time required for these signals to travel to a target and return. Two primary types of signals are used in EDMs — light waves and microwaves — each suited to specific environmental and distance requirements. Light-wave-based EDMs utilize either infrared or laser light, providing high accuracy over short distances...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets
07:45

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Published on: February 6, 2014

Satellite laser ranging using pseudonoise code modulated laser diodes.

D M Norman, C S Gardner

    Applied Optics
    |June 12, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Laser diodes offer a viable alternative to pulsed lasers for satellite laser ranging. Pseudonoise code modulation enables centimeter-level range accuracy, advancing optical transmitter technology.

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    Published on: January 28, 2019

    Area of Science:

    • Optical Engineering
    • Remote Sensing
    • Laser Technology

    Background:

    • Traditional satellite laser ranging relies on high-energy pulsed lasers.
    • Advancements in laser diode technology present a potential alternative for optical transmitters.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the feasibility of using modulated laser diodes for satellite laser ranging.
    • To evaluate the ranging performance and accuracy achievable with this new technique.

    Main Methods:

    • Modulating a laser diode with a pseudonoise (PN) code to create a continuous wave (CW) ranging signal.
    • Employing a maximum-likelihood receiver, specifically a correlation receiver, for signal arrival time estimation.
    • Deriving the Cramer-Rao bound for range error with Gaussian code pulses and a correlation receiver.

    Main Results:

    • A pseudonoise-modulated laser diode system achieves average power comparable to current pulsed systems.
    • The correlation receiver is optimal for estimating arrival times with ideal rectangular pulses.
    • Ranging performance was evaluated for corner-cube retroreflectors and diffuse targets.
    • Centimeter-level range accuracy was demonstrated as feasible.

    Conclusions:

    • Laser diodes modulated by pseudonoise codes are a practical alternative to pulsed lasers for satellite laser ranging.
    • The proposed system design enables high-accuracy ranging, potentially to the centimeter level.
    • This technology advancement could lead to more cost-effective and efficient satellite laser ranging systems.