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Related Concept Videos

The Role of Ion Channels in Neuronal Computation01:19

The Role of Ion Channels in Neuronal Computation

A postsynaptic neuron usually receives numerous impulses from several other presynaptic neurons. The axon hillock of the postsynaptic neuron integrates all these signals and determines the likelihood of firing an action potential.
Sometimes a single EPSP is strong enough to induce an action potential in the postsynaptic neuron. However, multiple presynaptic inputs must often create EPSPs around the same time for the postsynaptic neuron to be sufficiently depolarized to fire an action potential.
Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
Voltage-gated Ion Channels01:26

Voltage-gated Ion Channels

Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the membranes of all electrically excitable cells such as neurons, heart, and muscle cells.
Generally, all voltage-gated ion channels have a 'voltage-sensing domain' that spans the lipid bilayer. The charged residues in the sensor move in response to the membrane potential changes that open the channel allowing ions movement. There are several types of...
Voltage-gated Ion Channels01:26

Voltage-gated Ion Channels

Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the membranes of all electrically excitable cells such as neurons, heart, and muscle cells.
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Calmodulin-dependent Signaling01:16

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Single-Cell Calcium Imaging for Studying the Activation of Calcium Ion Channels
07:17

Single-Cell Calcium Imaging for Studying the Activation of Calcium Ion Channels

Published on: December 13, 2024

Two-pore channels for integrative Ca signaling.

Michael X Zhu, A Mark Evans, Jianjie Ma

    Communicative & Integrative Biology
    |June 12, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Two-pore channels (TPCs) act as NAADP receptors on endosomes, releasing calcium to initiate cellular signals. These localized calcium events can amplify into global signals, impacting cell communication.

    Keywords:
    Ca2+ channelsCa2+ mobilizationNAADPendoplasmic reticulumendosomeslysosomes

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    Published on: March 22, 2019

    Imaging Initial Ca2+ Microdomains in Primary T Cells
    05:56

    Imaging Initial Ca2+ Microdomains in Primary T Cells

    Published on: October 4, 2024

    Area of Science:

    • Cellular Biology
    • Ion Channel Physiology
    • Calcium Signaling

    Background:

    • Two-pore channels (TPCs) share similarities with voltage-gated calcium (Ca2+) and sodium (Na+) channels.
    • TPCs are likely dimeric, with each subunit containing two pore-forming domains.
    • Recent research indicates TPCs localize to endosomes and lysosomes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of TPCs as receptors for nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP).
    • To understand how NAADP-activated TPCs mediate calcium (Ca2+) release from endolysosomal stores.
    • To explore the significance of TPCs in initiating and integrating cellular Ca2+ signals.

    Main Methods:

    • The study focuses on the functional characterization of TPCs in endolysosomal calcium (Ca2+) signaling.
    • Investigated NAADP binding and subsequent Ca2+ release through TPCs.
    • Examined the spatial and temporal dynamics of TPC-mediated Ca2+ signals.

    Main Results:

    • TPCs function as NAADP receptors on endolysosomal membranes.
    • NAADP binding triggers Ca2+ release from these acidic vesicles via TPCs.
    • Localized Ca2+ signals originating from TPCs can be amplified into global Ca2+ waves.

    Conclusions:

    • TPCs are crucial mediators of NAADP-dependent Ca2+ signaling.
    • Endolysosomal Ca2+ release through TPCs represents elementary Ca2+ events.
    • TPCs play a significant role in the integration of Ca2+ signals within animal cells.