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Related Concept Videos

The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
Design Example: Vintage Mixing Console01:17

Design Example: Vintage Mixing Console

A sound engineer at a music company recently encountered a problem. The output from their newly acquired studio's vintage mixing console was too low for the requirements of modern recording equipment. To rectify this situation, the engineer decided to design an audio pre-amplifier using an operational amplifier (op-amp) to boost the signal level.
The specifications for the pre-amplifier were clear. It needed to amplify the audio signal by a factor of 10, have an input impedance above 10...
Hair Cells01:22

Hair Cells

Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.
Instrumentation Amplifier01:25

Instrumentation Amplifier

An electrocardiography (ECG) machine is an essential piece of medical equipment used to monitor the electrical activity of the heart. It operates by detecting small electrical changes on the skin that result from the depolarization of the heart muscle during each heartbeat. However, these signals are in the microvolt range and can be easily overwhelmed by noise or interference.
To overcome this challenge, an ECG machine utilizes an instrumentation amplifier. This specialized amplifier is...
Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...
Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

The Miniature Pig: A Large Animal Model for Cochlear Implant Research
06:16

The Miniature Pig: A Large Animal Model for Cochlear Implant Research

Published on: July 28, 2022

The remarkable cochlear amplifier.

J Ashmore1, P Avan, W E Brownell

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology and UCL Ear Institute, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. j.ashmore@ucl.ac.uk <j.ashmore@ucl.ac.uk>

Hearing Research
|June 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Experts share personal views on the dominant mechanism of cochlear amplification in mammals. Future experiments are proposed to definitively identify the key mechanism driving this crucial auditory process.

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Enhanced Cochlear Coverage and Hearing Preservation in High-Frequency Hearing Loss via Electric Acoustic Stimulation with Longer Electrode
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Cochlear Implant Surgery and Electrically-evoked Auditory Brainstem Response Recordings in C57BL/6 Mice
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Cochlear Implant Surgery and Electrically-evoked Auditory Brainstem Response Recordings in C57BL/6 Mice

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

The Miniature Pig: A Large Animal Model for Cochlear Implant Research
06:16

The Miniature Pig: A Large Animal Model for Cochlear Implant Research

Published on: July 28, 2022

Enhanced Cochlear Coverage and Hearing Preservation in High-Frequency Hearing Loss via Electric Acoustic Stimulation with Longer Electrode
03:49

Enhanced Cochlear Coverage and Hearing Preservation in High-Frequency Hearing Loss via Electric Acoustic Stimulation with Longer Electrode

Published on: October 11, 2024

Cochlear Implant Surgery and Electrically-evoked Auditory Brainstem Response Recordings in C57BL/6 Mice
09:06

Cochlear Implant Surgery and Electrically-evoked Auditory Brainstem Response Recordings in C57BL/6 Mice

Published on: January 9, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Bioacoustics
  • Mammalian Physiology

Background:

  • Cochlear amplification is a key process in hearing.
  • The precise mechanism responsible for cochlear amplification remains debated.
  • Understanding this mechanism is crucial for auditory science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To gather expert opinions on the primary mechanism of cochlear amplification.
  • To present diverse perspectives on cochlear amplifier function.
  • To identify critical experiments for resolving the debate.

Main Methods:

  • Composite article format.
  • Collection of personal viewpoints from leading experts.
  • Proposal of future experimental studies.

Main Results:

  • Compilation of expert hypotheses on cochlear amplification.
  • Identification of proposed experiments to test these hypotheses.
  • Highlighting the current lack of definitive experimental evidence.

Conclusions:

  • Expert consensus is lacking on the dominant cochlear amplification mechanism.
  • Specific, yet-to-be-performed experiments are essential for a definitive understanding.
  • Successful experiments would significantly advance knowledge of the cochlear amplifier.