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Related Concept Videos

Meiosis vs. Mitosis02:57

Meiosis vs. Mitosis

Cell division is necessary for growth and reproduction in organisms. Mitosis aids cell growth and development by dividing somatic cells. In contrast, meiosis causes the division of germ cells and plays an essential role in sexual reproduction. Due to their unique functional requirements, mitosis and meiosis differ from each other in multiple aspects.
Before the start of mitosis and meiosis I, the cell synthesizes DNA, resulting in two homologous copies of each chromosome. DNA synthesis is...
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Describing the number and physical features of chromosomes can reveal abnormalities that underlie genetic diseases. This description is facilitated by special staining techniques that produce a particular banding pattern on each chromosome. State-of-the-art techniques make this approach even more powerful, enabling the detection of individual genes that cause disease.A Simple Chromosome Staining Technique Provides Valuable Scientific InsightSome genetic diseases can be detected by looking at...
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Meiosis is a carefully orchestrated set of cell divisions, the goal of which—in humans—is to produce haploid sperm or eggs, each containing half the number of chromosomes present in somatic cells elsewhere in the body. Meiosis I is the first such division, and involves several key steps, among them: condensation of replicated chromosomes in diploid cells; the pairing of homologous chromosomes and their exchange of information; and finally, the separation of homologous chromosomes by a...
Nondisjunction01:29

Nondisjunction

During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Turner Syndrome (45XO) Fetal Cells for Downstream Modelling of Neurological Deficits Associated with the Syndrome
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[First trimester screening for Down syndrome: five years prospective experience].

A-S Weingertner1, N-T Trieu, M Kohler

  • 1Pôle de gynécologie obstétrique, département d'échographie et de diagnostic anténatal, centre médicochirurgical et obstétrical SIHCUS, 19, rue Louis-Pasteur, 67303 Schiltigheim cedex, France. Anne-Sophie.Weingertner@sihcus.fr

Journal De Gynecologie, Obstetrique Et Biologie De La Reproduction
|June 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary

First trimester screening for Down syndrome using maternal age and biochemical markers is not yet standard in France. This five-year study evaluates its effectiveness in improving detection and reducing false positives.

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Area of Science:

  • Prenatal diagnosis and genetic screening.

Context:

  • First trimester screening for Down syndrome is not the primary strategy in France.
  • International studies have validated its efficacy for years.

Purpose:

  • To evaluate the prospective five-year experience of first trimester screening for Down syndrome in France.
  • To assess the performance of this screening program in a French population.

Summary:

  • The screening combines maternal age, fetal nuchal translucency, and maternal serum markers (free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A).
  • The program aims to enhance Down syndrome detection rates.
  • It also seeks to reduce the number of false positive results.

Impact:

  • This study provides valuable data on the implementation and effectiveness of first trimester screening in France.
  • Findings may inform national guidelines and improve prenatal care strategies for Down syndrome.
  • Potential to optimize Down syndrome screening protocols for better maternal and fetal outcomes.