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Flow, radiofrequency pulse sequences, and gradient magnetic fields: basic interactions and adaptations to
T J Masaryk1, J Tkach, M Glicklich
1Section of Neuroradiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195.
Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging : TMRI
|June 1, 1991
Summary
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) uses radiofrequency pulses and field gradients. Motion, like blood flow, creates effects that can be used to generate contrast for angiographic images.
Area of Science:
- Medical Imaging
- Physics
Background:
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) relies on radiofrequency pulse sequences for excitation and field gradients for signal sampling and localization to form images.
- Motion, such as blood flow, can significantly impact the MRI process during excitation or signal sampling.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explain the fundamental principles of MRI image formation.
- To describe how motion-induced effects in MRI can be leveraged for diagnostic imaging.
- To highlight the application of motion in creating contrast for angiographic imaging.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing radiofrequency pulse sequences for excitation.
- Employing field gradients for signal sampling and image localization.
- Manipulating motion-induced effects (time-of-flight and spin phase phenomena) through specialized techniques.
Main Results:
- Motion during MRI acquisition leads to distinct effects: time-of-flight and spin phase phenomena.
- These motion-induced effects can be controlled and utilized to generate contrast.
- Specialized MRI techniques enable the creation of angiographic images where motion is the basis for contrast.
Conclusions:
- Understanding the interplay between MRI physics and motion is crucial for advanced imaging.
- Motion, often considered an artifact, can be purposefully exploited in MRI for diagnostic purposes.
- The manipulation of motion-related effects allows for the generation of contrast-enhanced angiographic MRI.