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Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Genome-wide Mapping of Drug-DNA Interactions in Cells with COSMIC (Crosslinking of Small Molecules to Isolate Chromatin)
Published on: January 20, 2016
Beta-carboline alkaloids bind DNA
Shohreh Nafisi1, Mahyar Bonsaii, Pegah Maali
1Department of Chemistry, Azad University, Central Tehran Branch (IAUCTB), Tehran, Iran. s.nafisi@neu.edu
Abstract:
Beta-carboline alkaloids present in Peganum harmala (harmal) have recently drawn attention due to their antitumor activities. The mechanistic studies indicate that beta-carboline derivatives inhibit DNA topoisomerases and interfere with DNA synthesis. They interact with DNA via both groove binding and intercalative modes and cause major DNA structural changes. The aim of this study was to examine the interactions of five beta-carboline alkaloids (harmine, harmane, harmaline, harmalol and tryptoline) with calf-thymus DNA in aqueous solution at physiological conditions, using constant DNA concentration (6.25 mM) and various alkaloids/polynucleotide (phosphate) ratios of 1/240, 1/160, 1/80, 1/40, 1/20, 1/10, 1/5, 1/2 and 1/1. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and UV-visible spectroscopic methods were used to determine the ligand binding modes, the binding constants, and the stability of alkaloids-DNA complexes in aqueous solution. Spectroscopic evidence showed major binding of alkaloids to DNA with overall binding constants of K(harmine)-DNA=3.44x10(7) M(-1), K(harmane)-DNA=1.63x10(5) M(-1), K(harmaline)-DNA=3.82x10(5) M(-1), K(harmalol)-DNA=6.43x10(5) M(-1) and K(tryptoline)-DNA=1.11x10(5) M(-1). The affinity of alkaloids-DNA binding is in the order of harmine>harmalol>harmaline>harmane>tryptoline. No biopolymer secondary structural changes were observed upon alkaloid interaction and DNA remains in the B-family structure in these complexes.
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