Interactions between age and the neuroendocrine and immune systems

Three conclusions are suggested by some of the recent work on aging, immunology and the neuroendocrine system. 1) There appears to be sufficient data to implicate the neuroendocrine system in both the maturation and the senescence of at least some components of the immune system. 2) The thymus by its presence or its absence appears to influence certain functions of the pituitary; thus, there appears to be a possible reciprocal relationship between the pituitary and the thymus. 3) Changes in the levels of pituitary hormones or hormones that are controlled by the pituitary can restore in older rats and mice certain functions that are generally considered as part of the immune surveillance and defense system. Consequently, it can be hoped that further studies of neuroendocrine-immune relationships might lead to an understanding of some of the causes for the decline in immune competence with age in mammals.