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T Cell Types and Functions

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Published on: September 26, 2013

Human and murine Th17.

Francesco Annunziato¹, Lorenzo Cosmi, Sergio Romagnani

¹Center of Excellence for Research, Transfer, and High Education DENOthe, University of Florence, Florence, Italy. f.annunziato@dmi.unifi.it

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS

|June 15, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Human and mouse Th17 cells differ in origin and function. Th17 cell plasticity, their ability to change into Th1 cells, is key for understanding autoimmune diseases and developing therapies.

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Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

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In Vitro Differentiation of Naive CD4+ T Cells into Pathogenic Th17 Cells in Mouse

In Vitro Differentiation of Naive CD4⁺ T Cells into Pathogenic Th17 Cells in Mouse

Published on: October 25, 2024

Area of Science:

Immunology
Cell Biology

Background:

T helper 17 (Th17) cells are crucial immune cells involved in host defense and autoimmunity.
Recent research has focused on understanding the distinct characteristics and behaviors of human and murine Th17 cells.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and synthesize recent findings on the phenotypic and functional characterization of human and murine Th17 cells.
To highlight the differences and similarities in Th17 cell development and function across species.

Main Methods:

Review of current scientific literature on Th17 cell research.
Comparative analysis of studies focusing on human and murine models.

Main Results:

Human Th17 cells originate from CD161 precursors and require IL-1beta and IL-23, expressing CD161.
Murine Th17 cells do not express CD161 and develop in response to IL-6, IL-1, and TGF-beta.
Th17 cells exhibit plasticity, capable of converting to Th1 cells, a process implicated in autoimmune pathogenesis in both species, particularly when IL-12 is present.

Conclusions:

Th17 cell plasticity is a critical factor in the development of autoimmune diseases.
Understanding Th17 cell differentiation and plasticity is essential for developing targeted immunotherapies.