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T Cell Types and Functions

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Related Experiment Video

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New Tools to Expand Regulatory T Cells from HIV-1-infected Individuals
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Th17 and regulatory T cells: implications for AIDS pathogenesis.

Bittoo Kanwar1, David Favre, Joseph M McCune

  • 1Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, CA 94110, USA.

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS
|June 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Reciprocal changes in T helper interleukin-17 (Th17) cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) are linked to progressive HIV disease. Loss of Th17 cells and an imbalance in Th17/Treg cells contribute to lentiviral immunopathology.

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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • HIV and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) cause progressive lentiviral disease.
  • T helper cells play a critical role in immune responses.
  • CD4 T helper cells include subsets like Th17 and regulatory T cells (Tregs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on the role of reciprocal changes in Th17 and Treg cells in progressive lentiviral disease.
  • To discuss the implications of Th17 and Treg cell dynamics in HIV and SIV infection.

Main Methods:

  • Review of studies in nonhuman primate models of lentiviral infection.
  • Analysis of data from HIV-infected human individuals.
  • Examination of changes in CD4 T helper cell subsets, specifically Th17 and Tregs.

Main Results:

  • Pathogenic lentiviral infection is associated with a decrease in Th17 cells and an increase in Tregs.
  • Loss of Th17 cells, which maintain mucosal barrier integrity, may lead to increased microbial translocation.
  • The precise mechanism of Th17 cell loss (preferential infection vs. bystander effects) remains under investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Progressive lentiviral disease is characterized by preferential depletion of Th17 cells and a disrupted Th17/Treg balance.
  • Further research into these CD4 T helper and Treg subset changes can illuminate HIV immunopathology.
  • Understanding these immune dynamics may lead to novel therapeutic and preventive strategies for HIV disease.