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Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions

Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions

Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are pivotal to multicellularity and the coordinated functioning of tissues and organ systems. They enable physical interactions between cells and provide mechanical strength to tissues. They also function as receptors for signal transmission across the plasma membrane. The CAMs are broadly classified into four families - integrins, cadherins, selectins, and immunoglobulin-like CAMs (IgCAMs).
CAM Families
The Integrin family of proteins is primarily involved in a...

Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions

Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions

Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are pivotal to multicellularity and the coordinated functioning of tissues and organ systems. They enable physical interactions between cells and provide mechanical strength to tissues. They also function as receptors for signal transmission across the plasma membrane. The CAMs are broadly classified into four families - integrins, cadherins, selectins, and immunoglobulin-like CAMs (IgCAMs).
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The Integrin family of proteins is primarily involved in a...

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Diabetes mellitus consists of chronic metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. This elevated blood glucose results from defects in insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both. Insulin, produced by pancreatic β-cells, is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis by facilitating cellular glucose uptake for energy or storage. Disruptions in insulin production or function lead to glucose accumulation in the bloodstream, causing the clinical features and long-term...

Selectins

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Cell adhesion is an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain, which...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Quantification of Diabetes-induced Adherent Leukocytes in Retinal Vasculature

Quantification of Diabetes-induced Adherent Leukocytes in Retinal Vasculature

Published on: January 24, 2025

[Adhesion molecules and diabetes mellitus].

C Urso¹, E Hopps, G Caimi

¹Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Malattie Cardiovascolari e Nefrourologiche. Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italia.

La Clinica Terapeutica

|June 15, 2010

Summary

Diabetic patients show elevated soluble adhesion molecules, linked to inflammation and increased cardiovascular risk. Targeting these molecules may prevent diabetic complications.

Area of Science:

Endocrinology and Immunology
Vascular Biology and Medicine

Context:

Diabetic patients exhibit elevated soluble adhesion molecules (sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, etc.), indicating an inflammatory state.
This inflammation is closely linked to hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and coagulopathy, contributing to vascular damage.

Purpose:

To explore the role of soluble adhesion molecules in diabetic vasculopathy and associated complications.
To investigate their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in diabetes mellitus.

Summary:

Increased soluble adhesion molecules are observed in diabetic patients, correlating with hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and obesity.
These molecules promote leukocyte recruitment, contributing to atherosclerotic plaque formation and beta-cell destruction in type 1 diabetes.
Elevated levels are associated with diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease.

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Static Adhesion Assay for the Study of Integrin Activation in T Lymphocytes

Static Adhesion Assay for the Study of Integrin Activation in T Lymphocytes

Published on: June 13, 2014

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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Quantification of Diabetes-induced Adherent Leukocytes in Retinal Vasculature

Quantification of Diabetes-induced Adherent Leukocytes in Retinal Vasculature

Published on: January 24, 2025

Static Adhesion Assay for the Study of Integrin Activation in T Lymphocytes

Static Adhesion Assay for the Study of Integrin Activation in T Lymphocytes

Published on: June 13, 2014

Impact:

Soluble adhesion molecules are implicated in endothelial dysfunction and tissue damage in diabetes.
They represent potential therapeutic targets for preventing and managing chronic diabetic complications.
sICAM-1 may serve as a subclinical marker for insulitis in type 1 diabetes.