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Related Experiment Video

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Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion
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Short-term memory for emotional faces in dysphoria.

Saima Noreen1, Nathan Ridout

  • 1Aston University, Birmingham, UK.

Memory (Hove, England)
|June 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Dysphoria impairs short-term memory for facial emotions and identity, unlike long-term memory. This study found dysphoric individuals had worse memory for happy, angry, and neutral faces, but not sad ones.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Previous research indicates a memory bias for negative facial emotions in depression and dysphoria.
  • This bias has primarily been observed in long-term memory recall.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether the memory bias for negative faces in dysphoria extends to short-term memory.
  • To examine memory for both facial emotion and identity in dysphoric and non-dysphoric individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Participants (29 dysphoric, 22 non-dysphoric) identified emotions on faces.
  • Following a delay, participants identified target faces from a set of four.
  • Memory was tested for facial emotion and facial identity.

Main Results:

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  • Dysphoric participants showed impaired memory for all facial emotions and identity (except sad faces) compared to non-dysphoric participants.
  • Dysphoric individuals had impaired identity memory for happy faces, while non-dysphoric individuals showed enhanced memory for angry faces.
  • Memory performance was generally unrelated to encoding, except for sad faces in dysphoric participants.

Conclusions:

  • The negative memory bias for faces in dysphoria does not appear to generalize from long-term to short-term memory.
  • Dysphoria impacts short-term facial memory differently depending on the emotion displayed and whether emotion or identity is recalled.