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Effect of functional overreaching on executive functions.

O Dupuy1, M Renaud, L Bherer

  • 1Faculté des sciences du sport, Université de Poitiers, France.

International Journal of Sports Medicine
|June 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Intense training can impair cognitive function in athletes. Overreached athletes showed slower reaction times and executive function decline, indicating cognitive performance is a marker of overtraining.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Overtraining syndrome (OTS) is a complex condition affecting athletes.
  • Identifying reliable markers for overreaching is crucial for athlete health and performance.
  • Cognitive function may serve as a sensitive indicator of physiological stress in athletes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if cognitive performance can serve as a valid marker of overreaching in endurance athletes.
  • To investigate the impact of a short-term, intensive training overload on cognitive functions.

Main Methods:

  • Ten well-trained male endurance athletes underwent a 100% training load increase for two weeks.
  • Cognitive tests, including reaction time and Stroop color word-test, were administered before and after the overload period.
  • Athletes were categorized as overreached or well-trained based on performance decrements.

Main Results:

  • Overreached athletes exhibited a small increase in response time on complex cognitive tasks.
  • A significant increase in reaction time initiation was observed in overreached athletes post-overload.
  • No significant differences were found in Stroop test performance between groups.
  • Well-trained athletes showed moderate improvement in response time on complex tasks.

Conclusions:

  • An unaccustomed increase in training volume leading to physical performance decrement also causes executive function deterioration.
  • Cognitive performance, particularly reaction time and executive functions, can be a sensitive marker for detecting overreaching in athletes.
  • Monitoring cognitive function alongside physical performance may aid in preventing overtraining syndrome.