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Whole-brain Segmentation and Change-point Analysis of Anatomical Brain MRI—Application in Premanifest Huntington's Disease

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Abnormal explicit but normal implicit sequence learning in premanifest and early Huntington's disease.

Susanne A Schneider¹, Leonora Wilkinson, Kailash P Bhatia

¹Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square,London, United Kingdom.

Movement Disorders : Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society

|June 15, 2010

Summary

Huntington's disease (HD) impairs explicit motor sequence learning, while implicit learning remains intact. Explicit sequence learning deficits may serve as an early cognitive biomarker for HD progression.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Science
Genetics

Background:

Motor sequence learning involves explicit (intentional) and implicit (incidental) processes.
The caudate nucleus and putamen, crucial for motor learning, are affected early in Huntington's disease (HD).
Existing research on motor sequence learning deficits in HD presents inconsistent findings.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate implicit and explicit motor sequence learning in individuals with Huntington's disease.
To determine if motor sequence learning is impaired in premanifest and early-stage HD.
To explore the potential of explicit sequence learning as a biomarker for HD progression.

Main Methods:

Assessed implicit and explicit motor sequence learning in 15 individuals with a positive HD genetic test (premanifest and early stage) and 11 matched controls.
Utilized sequences of equivalent structure to evaluate both learning types.
Compared learning performance between the HD group and the control group.

Main Results:

The Huntington's disease group demonstrated normal implicit motor sequence learning.
Explicit motor sequence learning was impaired in both premanifest and manifest HD gene carriers.
A progressive decline in explicit sequence learning was observed with disease progression.

Conclusions:

Implicit motor sequence learning appears preserved in early stages of Huntington's disease.
Explicit motor sequence learning is compromised in Huntington's disease, even in premanifest stages.
Impaired explicit sequence learning may serve as a valuable cognitive biomarker for monitoring Huntington's disease progression.