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Updated: Jun 12, 2026

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Published on: August 15, 2025
Extra-oral fistula caused by a dental implant
Masaki Fujioka1, Kiyoshi Oka, Riko Kitamura
1Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Organization Nagasaki Medical Center, Nagasaki, Japan. mfujioka@nmc.hosp.go.jp
Abstract:
Dental implantation has become an important procedure for both dental treatment and head and neck reconstructive surgery. However, this useful technique sometimes results in peri-implantitis. We describe a rare complication of peri-implantitis in the maxilla which extended to the soft tissue and caused an extra-oral fistula above the alar region. The patient underwent the placement of dental implants in the maxilla 8 years earlier. Radiography showed osteolysis of the maxilla and implant exposure. After the implants were removed, the patient was fitted with a conventional fixed partial denture. Such unfavorable outcomes are caused by failed endodontic and apicoectomy procedures.
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