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Related Concept Videos

Stroke: Introduction and Types01:29

Stroke: Introduction and Types

A stroke is an acute neurological event caused by the sudden disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to rapid loss of neuronal function. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief interruptions can cause irreversible injury within minutes. Strokes are classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types.Ischemic StrokeIschemic strokes are most common and occur due to arterial occlusion, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to energy failure, ionic...
Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output

Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

Regulation of Stroke Volume

The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...
Atherosclerosis IV: Nursing Management01:23

Atherosclerosis IV: Nursing Management

Nursing management for a patient with arteriosclerosis involves a comprehensive approach focusing on lifestyle modification, disease monitoring, education, and symptomatic care. Here is an overview of effective nursing strategies:Assessment and Monitoring: Initial and ongoing assessments are crucial. Nurses must document the patient's medical history, including any hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and other cardiovascular diseases. Assessments also cover family history and lifestyle...
Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Setting Up a Stroke Team Algorithm and Conducting Simulation-based Training in the Emergency Department - A Practical Guide
09:52

Setting Up a Stroke Team Algorithm and Conducting Simulation-based Training in the Emergency Department - A Practical Guide

Published on: January 15, 2017

Metropolitan-rural divide for stroke outcomes: do stroke units make a difference?

D A Cadilhac1, M F Kilkenny, M Longworth

  • 1National Stroke Research Institute, Florey Neuroscience Institutes, Melbourne Brain Centre, Austin Health, 245 Burgundy St, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia. cadilhac@unimelb.edu.au

Internal Medicine Journal
|June 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Rural stroke patients face worse outcomes, with higher mortality and disability, particularly when stroke units are unavailable. Access to specialized stroke care significantly impacts recovery and survival rates.

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Prehospital Thrombolysis: A Manual from Berlin
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Setting Up a Stroke Team Algorithm and Conducting Simulation-based Training in the Emergency Department - A Practical Guide
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Prehospital Thrombolysis: A Manual from Berlin

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Area of Science:

  • Health Services Research
  • Neurology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Stroke care quality varies significantly across Australian hospitals.
  • The impact of geographic location on stroke patient outcomes, especially in rural areas, remains unclear.
  • Access to specialized stroke units is a critical factor in acute stroke management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between geographic location (rural vs. metropolitan) and stroke patient health outcomes.
  • To determine if access to stroke units influences health outcomes for acute stroke patients.
  • To analyze differences in mortality, complications, and disability levels based on treatment location.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 2254 acute stroke admissions across 32 New South Wales hospitals (2003-2007).
  • Comparison of health status at discharge, including modified Rankin score (mRS) and severe complications.
  • Multivariable analyses adjusted for patient casemix, risk factors, and stroke unit access.

Main Results:

  • Rural patients had higher in-hospital mortality odds (aOR 1.46) before adjusting for stroke units.
  • No significant differences in mortality or severe complications were observed when adjusted for stroke unit access.
  • Rural patients experienced greater dependency at discharge (mRS 3-5, aOR 1.82), even after accounting for stroke unit status.

Conclusions:

  • Patients treated in rural hospitals exhibit poorer health outcomes compared to those in metropolitan areas.
  • Management within stroke units is crucial for mitigating negative health outcomes in stroke patients.
  • Geographic disparities in stroke care access contribute to increased patient disability.